Codon Bias as a Means to Fine-Tune Gene Expression.
Codon Bias as a Means to Fine-Tune Gene Expression.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.molcel.2015.05.035
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发表时间：
2015-07-16
期刊：
影响因子：
16
通讯作者：
van der Oost J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Quax TE;Claassens NJ;Söll D;van der Oost J
遗传密码的冗余意味着大多数氨基酸由多个同义密码子编码。在生命的所有领域中，在基因组水平上，在功能相关的基因（例如，在操纵子中），以及在单个基因中。其他密码子偏好变体包括偏好密码子对和密码子共现。虽然翻译起始是蛋白质合成的关键步骤，但普遍认为密码子偏好性通过调节过程的延伸速率而有助于翻译效率。此外，密码子偏好在控制从差异蛋白质产生到蛋白质折叠的众多细胞过程中起重要作用。在这里，我们回顾了目前已知的密码子偏好类型以及它们如何影响翻译。我们讨论了如何理解密码子偏好和翻译的原则可以有助于改善蛋白质生产和合成生物学的发展。
The redundancy of the genetic code implies that most amino acids are encoded by multiple synonymous codons. In all domains of life, a biased frequency of synonymous codons is observed at the genome level, in functionally related genes (e.g., in operons), and within single genes. Other codon bias variants include biased codon pairs and codon co-occurrence. Although translation initiation is the key step in protein synthesis, it is generally accepted that codon bias contributes to translation efficiency by tuning the elongation rate of the process. Moreover, codon bias plays an important role in controlling a multitude of cellular processes, ranging from differential protein production to protein folding. Here we review currently known types of codon bias and how they may influence translation. We discuss how understanding the principles of codon bias and translation can contribute to improved protein production and developments in synthetic biology.