Introduction to sustainable composites
Introduction to sustainable composites
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可持续复合材料简介
DOI：
10.1039/d3su90060f
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发表时间：
2024
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Hamerton I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hamerton I
复合材料是一种广泛而通用的材料，由具有理想的单个特性的多个组分组成，以产生增强的，甚至多功能的材料特性。纤维增强聚合物基复合材料结合了优异的强度和低重量，具有高热稳定性和耐腐蚀性，从而延长了部件的使用寿命。它们已经广泛应用于高性能领域，从航空或汽车到风能和船舶。2023年，玻璃bre增强聚酯市场的价值为149亿英镑，2020年，全球碳bre环氧复合材料市场的价值为221亿英镑，预计2021年至2028年的复合年增长率为8.3%。虽然2020年全球新冠肺炎（COVID-19）大流行对全球市场造成了严重影响，但预计在不久的将来，汽车和航空航天领域传统材料的快速替代将推动市场的发展。有大约1500家英国公司参与其中，英国复合材料产品市场在2015年估计为23亿英镑，到2030年可能增长到120亿英镑。也许更重要的是，复合材料在推动向净零排放过渡方面可能发挥的关键和推动作用，在风能和氢能领域的关键应用，以及轻量化运输。尽管如此，复合材料行业在很大程度上仍然遵循历史上的线性“取-造-弃”模式，目前95%的纤维增强复合材料都是由原始化石原料制成的。虽然复合材料的设计已经超越了它们作为“黑色金属”的用途，但迄今为止，它主要关注的是在单一使用寿命内最大限度地提高材料的性能，而很少考虑使用后的材料回收，甚至是一系列使用。一个特别的挑战是在不损坏有价值的复合材料bres的情况下有效地去除和/或回收聚合物基质，以便在高性能应用中重复使用一种或两种成分。
Composites are a broad and versatile group of materials consisting of multiple components with desirable individual characteristics to yield enhanced, and o en multifunctional, material properties. Fibre-reinforced polymer matrix composites combine excellent strength and low-weight with high thermal stability and corrosion resistance, leading to extended lifetime of components. They are already extensively used within high-performance sectors, ranging from aviation or automotive, to wind and marine. The glass bre reinforced polyester market has been valued1 at£ 14.9 bn in 2023, and the global carbon bre epoxy composite market similarly valued2 at£ 22.1 bn in 2020 and expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate of 8.3% from 2021 to 2028. Although the global market was severely affected due to the global SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic in 2020, rapid replacement of conventional materials in automotive and aerospace applications is expected to drive the market in the near future. With around 1500 British companies involved, the UK composite product market, which was estimated at£ 2.3 bn in 2015, could grow to£ 12bn by 2030. 3 Of perhaps even greater importance is the key and enabling role that composites may play in driving the transition to Net Zero, with key applications in the wind and hydrogen sectors, and lightweighting transport.Despite this, the composites industry still largely follows a historical linear ‘take–make–dispose’model, with 95% of bre-reinforced composites currently made from virgin fossil feedstocks. Although composite design has moved beyond their use as ‘black metal’, to date it has mainly focused on maximising their material performance within a single lifetime with less consideration for their material recovery post use, or even a cascade of uses. A particular challenge is the effective removal and/or recovery of the polymer matrix without damaging the valuable composite bres, to enable the reuse of one or both components in high-performance applications.