The Role and Importance of Pathogens in Natural Plant Communities
The Role and Importance of Pathogens in Natural Plant Communities
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病原体在天然植物群落中的作用和重要性
DOI：
10.1146/annurev.py.22.090184.002303
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发表时间：
1984
影响因子：
10.2
通讯作者：
N. Eshed
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Dinoor;N. Eshed
传统上，植物健康和植物福利一直是病理学家、农学家和种植者关注的问题，他们的主要兴趣是种植作物。这些研究人员认为野生植物和天然植物群落只对改善环境质量或娱乐有用。有时，当野生植物扰乱、危及或干扰人类活动和规划时，它们被视为需要保护的公害。即使是研究自然植物群落并分析影响它们的许多相互作用因素的生态学家，多年来也未能认识到植物病原体参与其组成。这种缺乏了解的原因之一是野生病原体的一个重要特征：在其自然栖息地，它们与宿主之间达到了一种动态平衡状态，因此能够以较低、有时几乎不可察觉的水平持续存在。最近，科学家对自然植物群落中植物病害的态度发生了变化。病理学家、真菌学家、植物育种家、进化论家和生态学家正越来越多地关注自然植物群落，因为它们能告诉我们所有植物的健康和疾病。本文综述了真菌在自然植物群落中的致病作用。未包括线虫和病毒的锡永。在某些方面，这些病原体以与真菌相同的方式感染植物，但也存在基本差异：例如，后者病原体或其载体的定向移动性以及载体传播的病毒与其宿主的三向相互作用。
Traditionally, plant health and plant welfare have been the concern of patholo gists, agronomists, and growers whose main interest has been crops under cultivation. These researchers have seen wild plants and natural plant com munities as useful only for improving the quality of the environment or for recreation . Sometimes, when wild plants disturbed, endangered, or interfered with human activities and planning, they were seen as nuisances to protect against. Even the ecologists, who study natural plant communities and analyze the many interacting factors affecting them, failed for many years to recognize the involvement of plant pathogens in their make-up (9). One reason for this lack of understanding is the result of an important characteristic of pathogens in the wild: in their natural habitats they have reached a state of dynamic equilib rium with their hosts and because of this are able to perpetuate at low, sometimes hardly discernible, levels. Recently, the attitude among scientists toward plant diseases in natural plant communities has changed. Pathologists, mycologists, plant breeders, evolu tionists, and ecolQgists are paying more attention to natural plant communities for what they can teach us about health and disease in all plants. This review focuses on fungi as the cause of disease in natural plant communities. Discus sion of nematodes and viruses has not been included. In some ways these pathogens infect plants in the same way fungi do, but there are also basic differences: for example, the directional mobility of the latter pathogens or their vectors and the three-way interaction of vector-transmitted viruses with their hosts.