Temporal and spatial dynamics of nitrogen and phosphorus in surface water and sediments of a transboundary river located in the semi-arid region of Turkey
Temporal and spatial dynamics of nitrogen and phosphorus in surface water and sediments of a transboundary river located in the semi-arid region of Turkey
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DOI：
10.1016/j.catena.2012.08.003
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
M. Varol
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Varol
底格里斯河流域面积约57614平方公里，是土耳其东南安纳托利亚地区的重要水源。随着该地区工农业的发展和城市人口的增长，其污染已成为一个严重的问题。家庭、工业和农业活动造成的污染导致水质恶化。 2008年2月至2009年1月期间，对分布在约500公里河段的7个不同地点的底格里斯河水体和沉积物中的总氮（TN）和总磷（TP）水平进行了分析。通过聚类分析、方差分析（ANOVA）和相关分析，探讨了河流中TN和TP的时空变化。结果表明，雨季水体和沉积物中TN和TP浓度均高于旱季。根据水体中TN:TP比率中值，P在位点2和5处限制养分，而N在位点4和7处限制养分。水体中TN:TP比率中位值是沉积物中的11.8倍。根据营养状态分类，根据 TN 和 TP 的平均浓度和中值浓度，河流被分类为富营养化。聚类分析表明，城市地区水体中TN和TP浓度较高。在接受农业径流和矿山废水排放的地点，沉积物中的总磷浓度较高，而在接受未经处理的生活废水的地点，总氮浓度较高。所有地点沉积物中的 TN 和 TP 浓度均低于 SEL（严重影响水平），表明预计不会对沉积物生物体产生有害影响。
The Tigris River with a catchment area of about 57,614km2, is an important water source for the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. With the development of industry and agriculture, and the growth of urban population in the region, its pollution has become a serious problem. Pollution from domestic, industrial and agricultural activities has led to deterioration of water quality. Total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) levels in water and sediments of the Tigris River were analyzed at seven different sites spread over the river stretch of about 500km during the period of February 2008 to January 2009. Cluster analysis, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and correlation analysis were performed to explore temporal and spatial variations of TN and TP in the river. The results revealed that TN and TP concentrations of water and sediments in the wet season were higher than those in the dry season. Based on the median TN:TP ratios in water column, P was limiting nutrient at sites 2 and 5, while N was limiting nutrient at sites 4 and 7. The median TN:TP ratio in water column was 11.8 times higher than that in the sediment. According to trophic state classification, the river was classified as eutrophic based on both mean and median concentrations of TN and TP. Cluster analysis indicated that TN and TP concentrations in water column were higher in the urban areas. TP concentrations in sediment were found higher at sites receiving agricultural runoff and mine wastewater discharge, while TN concentrations were found higher at sites receiving untreated domestic wastewater. TN and TP concentrations in sediments at all sites were below the SEL (severe effect levels), suggesting that harmful effects on sediment-dwelling organisms are not expected.