Handbook of Biosensors and Biochips
Handbook of Biosensors and Biochips
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生物传感器和生物芯片手册
DOI：
10.1002/9780470061565.hbb147
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Cullen D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cullen D
火星上有生命吗？这是科学界的一个主要问题，也是在一般社会中具有广泛吸引力的问题。迄今为止，只有三个任务试图寻找火星上的生命-两个美国宇航局维京海盗任务在20世纪70年代中期和最近英国领导的小猎犬2号使命。在所有的情况下，都没有发现生命-在比格犬2号的情况下，由于一个非标称的着陆事件。我们目前对火星的看法是，从历史上看，在马里坦环境中存在生命的可能性，甚至火星上存在生命的可能性。因此，正在考虑新的分析技术，用于下一代火星漫游者和着陆器，以寻找这种生命的证据。一些团体正在考虑抗体微阵列装置形式的生物传感器，作为探测火星表面和近地表下分子生物标志物形式的原位生命证据的潜在工具。这种研究在飞行合格仪器开发的背景下处于早期开发阶段。考虑到在典型火星使命的各个阶段会遇到的极端环境，在仪器开发计划中需要仔细考虑辐射暴露、仪器消毒、尽量减少仪器污染、长期储存和各种热环境的影响。人们希望，推动生物传感器技术的发展，在行星探索的背景下，生命探测将允许在社会中的一个基本问题的最终答案，也提供了新的发展和方法，将有利于现有的生物传感器在其他应用领域的发展。
Is there life on Mars? This is a major question within the scientific community and one that also has broad appeal within the general community. To date, only three missions have attempted to look for life on Mars—the two NASA Viking missions in the mid‐1970s and the recent UK‐led Beagle 2 mission. In all cases no life was detected—in the case of Beagle 2 due to a nonnominal landing event. Our current view of Mars is that historically there was the potential for life to have existed in the Maritain environment and even the possibility of there being current life on Mars. New analytical techniques are therefore being considered for the next generation of Mars rovers and landers to search for evidence of such life. Biosensors in the form of antibody microarray devices are being considered by a number of groups as potential instruments to detect evidence of life in situ in the form of molecular biomarkers within the Martian surface and near subsurface. Such research is at an early stage of development within the context of development of flight‐qualified instrumentation. Given the extreme environments that will be encountered during various phases of a typical Mars mission, careful consideration of the effect of radiation exposure, instrument sterilization, minimization of instrument contamination, long‐term storage, and various thermal environments will be required in instrument development programmes. It is hoped that pushing the development of biosensor technology for life detection in a planetary exploration context will allow both the eventual answer of a fundamental question within society and also provide new developments and approaches that will benefit existing biosensor developments in other areas of application.