Effects of sex preference on contraceptive use, abortion and fertility in Matlab, Bangladesh
Effects of sex preference on contraceptive use, abortion and fertility in Matlab, Bangladesh
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DOI：
10.2307/2673835
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发表时间：
2001-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Bairagi, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bairagi, R
内容：孟加拉国的避孕普及率一直在提高，但在过去6-7年里，总生育率一直保持在每名妇女生3.3个孩子。儿子的偏好被认为是一个约束生育率进一步decline.Methods：数据从Matlab人口监测系统被用来调查的影响，儿子的偏好对避孕药具的使用，堕胎和生育率，并在这些影响的趋势随着时间的推移，在Matlab的孕产妇和儿童健康和计划生育项目区，并在比较区。修正的阿诺德指数被用来估计在没有性别偏好的情况下人口中避孕普及率、堕胎或生育率的增加或减少。性别选择性流产的水平进行了测量，从预期的交配比例的偏差，女性在birth.Results：在20世纪80年代初和90年代中期之间，避孕药具的使用和求助于人工流产增加在Matlab，而生育率下降。在项目地区，方法的使用与平等有关。（没有足够的数据可用于比较区域。在低产次，方法的使用随着儿子数量的增加而增加;然而，在有三个或三个以上孩子的妇女中，至少有两个儿子的妇女中，方法的使用保持稳定或减少。在没有性别偏好的情况下，项目地区的避孕药具使用率在1983年将增加9%，1988年增加8%，1993年增加6%。堕胎率随着胎次的增加而增加;在胎次内，没有儿子的妇女堕胎率通常最低，而至少有两个儿子和一个女儿的妇女堕胎率往往最高。在没有性别偏好的情况下，堕胎率将增加27%。1982-1986年，1987-1991年增加36%，1992-1995年增加55%，1987-1991年增加36%，1992-1995年增加37%。38%，在对照区。生育率随着胎次的增加而下降，在胎次中，无儿子妇女的生育率最高。在有两个以上孩子的妇女中，有儿子和一个女儿的妇女的生育率最低。在没有性别偏好的情况下，项目地区的生育率在1984-1986年将下降9%，在1989-1991年下降10%，在1994-1995年下降12%，在比较地区分别下降7%、8%和9%。结论：性别偏好对避孕措施的使用没有显著影响。然而，如果没有这种制度，可能会增加人们对堕胎的求助，一旦夫妇有了他们想要的儿子数量，堕胎就被用来限制生育。随着生育率的下降，性别偏好对生育的影响越来越大，因为夫妇必须在较少的子女总数中达到他们想要的儿子数量。
Context: Contraceptive prevalence in Bangladesh has been increasing, but for the last 6-7 years the total fertility rate has remained at 3.3 lifetime births per woman. Son preference is thought to be a constraint on further fertility decline.Methods: Data from the Matlab Demographic Surveillance System were used to investigate the effects of son preference on contraceptive use, abortion and fertility, and trends in these effects over time, in the Matlab maternal and child health and family planning project area and in a comparison area. A modified Arnold Index was used to estimate the increase or decrease in contraceptive prevalence, abortion or fertility that would occur in the population in the absence of sex preference. The level of sex-selective abortion was measured by the deviation from the expected ratio of mates to females at birth.Results: Between the early 1980s and the middle 1990s, contraceptive use and recourse to abortion increased in Matlab, while fertility declined. Method use rose with parity in the project area. (Adequate data were not available for the comparison area.) At low parities, method use increased with the number of sons; among women with three or more children, however, it stabilized or decreased among those who had at least two sons. In the absence of sex preference, contraceptive use in the project area would have risen by 9% in 1983, by 8% in 1988 and by 6% in 1993. The abortion ratio increased with parity; within parities, it was generally lowest for women with no sons and was often highest for those with at least two sons and a daughter. In the absence of sex preference, the abortion ratio would have increased by 27%. in 1982-1986, by 36% in 1987-1991 and by 55% in 1992-1995 in the project area, and by 36%, 37%. and 38%, respectively, in the comparison area. The percentage of women giving birth declined as parity rose and, within parities, was highest for women without sons. Among women with more than two children, fertility was lowest for those who had sons and a daughter. In the absence of sex preference, fertility would have decreased by 9% in 1984-1986, by 10% in 1989-1991 and by 12% in 1994-1995 in the project area, and by 7%, 8% and 9%, respectively, in the comparison area. There was no evidence of sex-selective abortion in Matlab.Conclusions: Sex preference does not ha ve a strong effect on contraceptive use in Matlab. Its absence, however, would probably increase recourse to abortion, which is used to limit fertility once couples have the number of sons they desire. The effect of sex preference on childbearing is becoming stronger as fertility declines, because couples must achieve their desired number of sons within a smaller overall number of children.