Artificial Intelligence in Surgery: Promises and Perils.
Artificial Intelligence in Surgery: Promises and Perils.
复制标题
手术中的人工智能：承诺和危险。
DOI：
10.1097/sla.0000000000002693
复制
发表时间：
2018-07
影响因子：
9
通讯作者：
Meireles OR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hashimoto DA;Rosman G;Rus D;Meireles OR
该综述的目的是总结人工智能(AI)的主要主题，包括它们在外科手术中的应用和局限性。本文回顾了人工智能的关键能力，以帮助外科医生理解和批判性地评估新的人工智能应用，并为新的发展做出贡献。人工智能由各个子领域组成，每个子领域都为临床问题提供了潜在的解决方案。这篇文章中回顾的人工智能的每个核心子领域也被用于其他行业，如自动驾驶汽车、社交网络和深度学习计算机。对计算机科学、统计学和医学来源的人工智能论文进行了审查，以确定人工智能中推动包括外科在内的跨行业创新的关键概念和技术。还回顾了与人工智能合作的限制和挑战。定义了人工智能的四个主要子领域：1)机器学习，2)人工神经网络，3)自然语言处理，4)计算机视觉。介绍了它们在外科实践中的当前和未来应用，包括大数据分析和临床决策支持系统。讨论了人工智能对外科医生的影响以及外科医生在推进这项技术以优化临床效果方面的作用。外科医生处于有利地位，可以帮助将人工智能融入现代实践。外科医生应该与数据科学家合作，捕获护理阶段的数据并提供临床背景，因为人工智能有可能彻底改变外科教学和实践的方式，并承诺未来将为最高质量的患者护理进行优化。
The aim of this review was to summarize major topics in artificial intelligence (AI), including their applications and limitations in surgery. This paper reviews the key capabilities of AI to help surgeons understand and critically evaluate new AI applications and to contribute to new developments. AI is composed of various subfields that each provide potential solutions to clinical problems. Each of the core subfields of AI reviewed in this piece have also been used in other industries such as the autonomous car, social networks, and deep learning computers. A review of AI papers across computer science, statistics, and medical sources was conducted to identify key concepts and techniques within AI that are driving innovation across industries, including surgery. Limitations and challenges of working with AI were also reviewed. Four main subfields of AI were defined: 1) machine learning, 2) artificial neural networks, 3) natural language processing, and 4) computer vision. Their current and future applications to surgical practice were introduced, including big data analytics and clinical decision support systems. The implications of AI for surgeons and the role of surgeons in advancing the technology to optimize clinical effectiveness were discussed. Surgeons are well-positioned to help integrate AI into modern practice. Surgeons should partner with data scientists to capture data across phases of care and to provide clinical context, for AI has the potential to revolutionize the way surgery is taught and practiced with the promise of a future optimized for the highest quality patient care.