Nitrification and nitrifying bacteria in the lower Seine River and estuary (France)
Nitrification and nitrifying bacteria in the lower Seine River and estuary (France)
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DOI：
10.1128/aem.69.12.7091-7100.2003
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发表时间：
2003-12-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Garnier, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cébron, A;Berthe, T;Garnier, J
位于巴黎下游的阿切雷斯污水处理厂将污水排入塞纳河下游。污水中含有大量的异养细菌、有机物和铵，是硝化细菌的来源。因此，有机物的降解。异养细菌和随后的氧耗尽发生在流出物出口的下游，而硝化细菌显然需要在铵氧化显著耗尽氧之前建立显著的生物量。我们量化了潜在的总硝化活性和潜在的活动的氨和亚硝酸盐氧化社区沿着塞纳河。在夏季，最大硝化活性出现在上游的淡水河口，类似于Achres下游200公里。硝化细菌的数量，基于amoA基因拷贝数，硝化细菌的生物体，基于16 S rRNA基因拷贝数，与潜在的硝化活性。氨氧化细菌的物种组成进行了调查，在两个站点：Triel站下游的阿切雷斯（84公里）和塞纳河淡水河口的杜克莱尔站（278公里）。通过PCR引物靶向amoA基因，建立基因文库。系统发育分析表明，在这两个网站的分析克隆大多数隶属于属亚硝化单胞菌。寡养亚硝化单胞菌和尿素亚硝化单胞菌相关克隆占Triel氨氧化细菌群落的近81%，占杜克莱尔的60%。变形菌门的P亚类的另外两个氨氧化簇，即，欧洲亚硝化单胞菌和亚硝化螺旋菌样细菌，发现在较小的数量。沿着塞纳河-河口上游连续体的两个站点之间的氨氧化群落的主要变化是N.寡养型N.尿素相关细菌由亚硝化螺旋体属细菌。虽然氨氧化剂的dilibrium似乎是相似的两个网站，只有一半的限制模式是共同的两个网站，这可以解释的差异铵浓度，这是低得多的上游河口比在河流中的污水出口。这些结果意味着一个显着的移民和/或选择的氨氧化细菌种群沿着连续的塞纳河从巴黎河口。
The Acheres wastewater treatment plant, located just downstream of Paris, discharges its effluents into the lower Seine River. The effluents contain large numbers of heterotrophic bacteria, organic matter, and ammonium and are a source of nitrifying bacteria. As a result, degradation of organic matter by. heterotrophic bacteria and subsequent oxygen depletion occur immediately downstream of the effluent outlet, whereas nitrifying bacteria apparently need to build up a significant biomass before ammonium oxidation significantly depletes the oxygen. We quantified the potential total nitrifying activity and the potential activities of the ammonia- and nitrite-oxidizing communities along the Seine River. In the summer, the maximum nitrifying activity occurs in the upper freshwater estuary, similar to200 km downstream of Achres. The quantities of nitrifying bacteria, based on amoA gene copy numbers, and of Nitrobacter organisms, based on 16S rRNA gene copy numbers, were correlated with the potential nitrifying activities. The species composition of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria was investigated at two sites: the Triel station just downstream from Acheres (km 84) and the Seine freshwater estuary at the Duclair station (km 278). By means of PCR primers targeting the amoA gene, a gene library was created. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the majority of the analyzed clones at both sites were affiliated with the genus Nitrosomonas. The Nitrosomonas oligotropha- and Nitrosomonas urea-related clones represented nearly 81% of the community of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria at Triel and 60% at Duclair. Two other ammonia-oxidizing clusters of the P subclass of the Proteobacteria, i.e., Nitrosomonas europaea- and Nitrosospira-like bacteria, were found in smaller numbers. The major change in the ammonia-oxidizing community between the two stations along the Seine River-upper estuary continuum was the replacement of the N. oligotropha- and N. urea-related bacteria by the Nitrosospira-affiliated bacteria. Although the diversities of the ammonia oxidizers appear to be similar for the two sites, only half of the restriction patterns are common to both sites, which could be explained by the differences in ammonium concentrations, which are much lower in the upper estuary than in the river at the effluent outlet. These results imply a significant immigration and/or selection of the ammonia-oxidizing bacterial population along the continuum of the Seine River from Paris to the estuary.