The limits to citizenship in Japan: multiculturalism, indigenous rights and the Ainu
The limits to citizenship in Japan: multiculturalism, indigenous rights and the Ainu
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日本公民身份的限制：多元文化主义、原住民权利和阿伊努人
DOI：
10.1080/1362102032000134976
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发表时间：
2003
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
R. Siddle
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Siddle
土著阿伊努人争取平等参与日本政治、社会和经济生活的斗争，是对普遍认为日本是单一民族的观念的直接挑战。种族化的民族与公民身份的混淆，以及战后流行的“独特”日本与单一民族公民的概念，都有助于使阿伊努人边缘化和丧失权力。1997年，国家颁布了《阿伊努文化促进法》（CPA），这是日本第一部“多元文化”立法，旨在遏制“阿伊努问题”。但是，考虑到对文化权利的专门关注以及政府在提供任何其他类型的权利或保障以克服阿伊努人排斥方面的持续消极态度，《全面和平协议》是一件喜忧参半的事情。阿伊努文化确实得到了保护和支持，但阿伊努人作为一个独特的民族群体并没有得到保护和支持，更不用说作为一个土著民族了。为阿伊努人提供额外资源或支持，使他们能够充分享有作为公民应享有的人权和民主权利的特殊权利没有得到承认，国家明确拒绝接受“土著权利”的概念。
The struggle of the indigenous Ainu for equal participation in the political, social and economic life of Japan is a direct challenge to widely held notions of Japan as ethnically homogeneous. The conflation of racialized ethnicity with citizenship, and the popular postwar notion of a ‘unique’ Japan with a mono-ethnic citizenry, have served to marginalize and disempower the Ainu. The state has worked to contain the ‘Ainu problem’ by enacting the Ainu Cultural Promotion Act (CPA) in 1997, the first ‘multicultural’ legislation in Japan. But given the exclusive focus on cultural rights and the continued negative attitude of the government when it comes to providing any other kind of rights or guarantees to overcome Ainu exclusion, the CPA has been a mixed blessing. Ainu culture has indeed been protected and supported, but not the Ainu people as a distinct ethnic group, let alone as an indigenous people. Special rights for the Ainu, to provide additional resources or support to enable them to fully enjoy the human and democratic rights they should possess as citizens, have not been recognized, and the concept of ‘indigenous rights’ has been explicitly rejected by the state.