Metabolomics-based response of Salmonella to desiccation stress and skimmed milk powder storage.
Metabolomics-based response of Salmonella to desiccation stress and skimmed milk powder storage.
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DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2023.1092435
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
5.2
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中科院分区：
文献类型：
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沙门氏菌在低水分食品(LMF)中的强大生存能力一直是人们关注的问题，被认为是对人们健康的威胁。近年来，组学技术的发展促进了对病原菌脱水应激反应分子机制的研究。然而，与其生理特性相关的多种分析方面仍不清楚。采用气相色谱-质谱仪(GC-MS)和超高效液-质联用技术(UPLC-QE-MS)研究了肠炎链球菌在脱脂奶粉中进行24 h干燥处理和干燥3个月后的生理代谢变化。共提取了8,292个峰，其中GC-MS检测到381个峰，LC-MS/MS鉴定出7,911个峰。通过对差异表达代谢产物(DEM)和关键途径的分析，从24 h干燥处理中共产生了58个DEM，其中与甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢、嘧啶代谢、嘌呤代谢、维生素B6代谢和磷酸戊糖代谢的5条代谢途径的相关性最高。SMP贮藏3个月后，共鉴定出120个DEM，它们分别与精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢、β-丙氨酸代谢、甘油脂代谢和糖酵解等调节途径有关。对XOD、PK、G6PDH关键酶活性和ATP含量的分析进一步支持了沙门氏菌的代谢反应，如核酸降解、糖酵解和ATP产生在沙门氏菌对干燥胁迫的适应中发挥了重要作用。这项研究能够更好地理解沙门氏菌在干燥压力的初始阶段和随后的长期适应阶段基于代谢组学的反应。同时，已识别的区别代谢途径可能在制定控制和预防LMF中干燥适应的沙门氏菌的策略中作为潜在的有用目标。
The strong survival ability of Salmonella in low-moisture foods (LMFs) has been of public concern, and is considered a threat to people’s health. Recently, the development of omics technology has promoted research on the molecular mechanisms of the desiccation stress response of pathogenic bacteria. However, multiple analytical aspects related to their physiological characteristics remain unclear. We explored the physiological metabolism changes of S. enterica Enteritidis exposed to a 24 h-desiccation treatment and a subsequent 3-month desiccation storage in skimmed milk powder (SMP) with an approach of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-Q Exactive-mass spectrometry (UPLC-QE-MS). A total of 8,292 peaks were extracted, of which 381 were detected by GC–MS and 7,911 peaks were identified by LC–MS/MS, respectively. Through analyses of differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) and key pathways, a total of 58 DEMs emerged from the 24 h-desiccation treatment, which exhibited the highest relevance for five metabolic pathways, involving glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, purine metabolism, vitamin B6 metabolism, and pentose phosphate pathway. After 3-month SMP storage, 120 DEMs were identified, which were related to several regulatory pathways including arginine and proline metabolism, serine and threonine metabolism, β-alanine metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, and glycolysis. The analyses of key enzyme activities of XOD, PK, and G6PDH and ATP content provided further evidence that supported the metabolic responses such as nucleic acid degradation, glycolysis, and ATP production played an important role in Salmonella’s adaptation to desiccation stress. This study enables a better understanding of metabolomics-based responses of Salmonella at the initial stage of desiccation stress and the following long-term adaptive stage. Meanwhile, the identified discriminative metabolic pathways may serve as potentially useful targets in developing strategies for the control and prevention of desiccation-adapted Salmonella in LMFs.