Primate Milk: Proximate Mechanisms and Ultimate Perspectives
Primate Milk: Proximate Mechanisms and Ultimate Perspectives
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/evan.20289
复制
发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Milligan, Lauren A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hinde, Katie;Milligan, Lauren A.
为了了解影响灵长类哺乳策略的进化力量，了解乳汁合成的直接机制及其生态和系统发育背景非常重要。一个物种的哺乳策略有四个相互关联的维度：哺乳的频率和持续时间、哺乳直到断奶的时间、母亲同时抚养的婴儿的数量和性别比例、以及母亲合成的乳汁的成分和产量。乳汁合成可以说是养育婴儿过程中生理成本最高的部分，但研究仍然最少。随着婴儿生长、发育和行为活动的能量需求大幅增加，能量转移在能量上变得效率较低，从胎盘支持过渡到乳汁合成1,2。在这里，我们回顾灵长类动物的泌乳生物学和乳汁合成，整合人类学、生物学、营养学、动物科学、免疫学和生物化学的研究，以确定灵长类动物乳汁的来源和祖先特征，并增强我们对灵长类动物生活史的理解。
To understand the evolutionary forces that have shaped primate lactation strategies, it is important to understand the proximate mechanisms of milk synthesis and their ecological and phylogenetic contexts. The lactation strategy of a species has four interrelated dimensions: the frequency and duration of nursing bouts, the period of lactation until weaning, the number and sex ratio of infants that a mother rears simultaneously, and the composition and yield of the milk that mothers synthesize. Milk synthesis, arguably the most physiologically costly component of rearing infants, remains the least studied. Energy transfer becomes energetically less efficient, transitioning from placental support to milk synthesis 1,2 just as the energy requirements for infant growth, development, and behavioral activity substantially increase. Here we review primate lactation biology and milk synthesis, integrating studies from anthropology, biology, nutrition, animal science, immunology, and biochemistry, to identify the derived and ancestral features of primate milks and enhance our understanding of primate life history.