Depression and Anxiety Change from Adolescence to Adulthood in Individuals with and without Language Impairment.
Depression and Anxiety Change from Adolescence to Adulthood in Individuals with and without Language Impairment.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0156678
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Conti-Ramsden G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Botting N;Toseeb U;Pickles A;Durkin K;Conti-Ramsden G
这项前瞻性纵向研究旨在确定语言障碍（LI）患者从青春期到成年期抑郁和焦虑变化的模式和预测因素。最初招募的LI患者年龄为7岁，对照组为年龄匹配的同龄人（AMP），从青春期（16岁）到成年期（24岁）。我们使用儿童显性焦虑量表修订版（CMAS-R）和简短情绪和感觉问卷（SMFQ）确定抑郁和焦虑的变化模式。除了研究与性别，语言和非语言技能的关联，我们使用一个随时间变化的变量来调查抑郁和焦虑症状之间的关系，并在教育/就业环境的过渡。结果表明，焦虑是更高的参与者与LI比年龄匹配的同龄人，并保持这样从青春期到成年。在16岁时，LI患者的抑郁症状水平高于AMP患者。在那些LI水平下降后，义务教育，但再次上升到24岁。那些离开义务教育的人（无论学校类型如何）进入更多选择驱动的大学，但在24岁之前没有全职工作或学习的人更有可能表现出这种抑郁途径。随着时间的推移，语言和非语言技能并不能预测这种抑郁模式。典型的女性抑郁症和焦虑症的脆弱性，观察AMP，但没有与LI的个人。这些研究结果有服务提供，职业/就业咨询和支持个人的历史LI在不同的过渡期从青春期到成年的影响。
This prospective longitudinal study aims to determine patterns and predictors of change in depression and anxiety from adolescence to adulthood in individuals with language impairment (LI). Individuals with LI originally recruited at age 7 years and a comparison group of age-matched peers (AMPs) were followed from adolescence (16 years) to adulthood (24 years). We determine patterns of change in depression and anxiety using the Child Manifest Anxiety Scale-Revised (CMAS-R) and Short Moods and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ). In addition to examining associations with gender, verbal and nonverbal skills, we use a time-varying variable to investigate relationships between depression and anxiety symptoms and transitions in educational/employment circumstances. The results show that anxiety was higher in participants with LI than age matched peers and remained so from adolescence to adulthood. Individuals with LI had higher levels of depression symptoms than did AMPs at 16 years. Levels in those with LI decreased post-compulsory schooling but rose again by 24 years of age. Those who left compulsory school provision (regardless of school type) for more choice-driven college but who were not in full-time employment or study by 24 years of age were more likely to show this depression pathway. Verbal and nonverbal skills were not predictive of this pattern of depression over time. The typical female vulnerability for depression and anxiety was observed for AMPs but not for individuals with LI. These findings have implications for service provision, career/employment advice and support for individuals with a history of LI during different transitions from adolescence to adulthood.