Returns to skills around the world: Evidence from PIAAC
Returns to skills around the world: Evidence from PIAAC
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.euroecorev.2014.10.006
复制
发表时间：
2015-01-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Woessmann, Ludger
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hanushek, Eric A.;Schwerdt, Guido;Woessmann, Ludger
对劳动力市场人力资本回报的现有估计扭曲了不同经济体中技能的作用。收入分析的国际比较几乎完全依赖于学校对人力资本的衡量，而纳入认知技能直接衡量标准的证据主要限于美国的早期职业工人。对PIAAC在23个国家进行的成人技能全生命周期调查的分析表明，对职业生涯早期收入的关注导致将技能的终身回报低估了约四分之一。平均而言，计算能力提高一个标准差，黄金年龄工人的工资就会增加18%。但这掩盖了各国之间相当大的差异。包括所有北欧国家在内的8个国家的回报率在12%至15%之间，6个国家超过21%，其中美国的回报率最高，为28%。不同的收入和技能措施，额外的控制，以及各种子群体的估计是非常强大的。工具变量模型使用源于学校成绩，父母教育或义务教育法律的技能差异提供更高的估计。有趣的是，在工会密度高、就业保护更严格、公共部门份额更大的国家，技能回报率系统性地更低。(C)2014爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Existing estimates of the labor-market returns to human capital give a distorted picture of the role of skills across different economies. International comparisons of earnings analyses rely almost exclusively on school attainment measures of human capital, and evidence incorporating direct measures of cognitive skills is mostly restricted to early-career workers in the United States. Analysis of the new PIAAC survey of adult skills over the full lifecycle in 23 countries shows that the focus on early-career earnings leads to underestimating the lifetime returns to skills by about one quarter. On average, a one-standard-deviation increase in numeracy skills is associated with an 18 percent wage increase among primeage workers. But this masks considerable heterogeneity across countries. Eight countries, including all Nordic countries, have returns between 12 and 15 percent, while six are above 21 percent with the largest return being 28 percent in the United States. Estimates are remarkably robust to different earnings and skill measures, additional controls, and various subgroups. Instrumental-variable models that use skill variation stemming from school attainment, parental education, or compulsory-schooling laws provide even higher estimates. Intriguingly, returns to skills are systematically lower in countries with higher union density, stricter employment protection, and larger public-sector shares. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.