Bio-inspired geotechnical engineering: principles, current work, opportunities and challenges
Bio-inspired geotechnical engineering: principles, current work, opportunities and challenges
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DOI：
10.1680/jgeot.20.p.170
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发表时间：
2022-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Zheng, Junxing
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Martinez, Alejandro;Dejong, Jason;Zheng, Junxing
各种各样的生物有机体和系统以促进土壤生长和生存的方式与土壤相互作用。这些相互作用是通过使有机体能够完成类似于岩土工程系统所要求的功能的策略来实现的。例如，在软弱地基上的锚固，对坚硬的地下材料的渗透，以及在松散沙子中的移动。由于生物策略经过了自然选择过程的“审查”，它们完成的功能在自然环境和工程环境中都受相同的物理规律支配，因此它们代表了解决岩土技术挑战的独特原则和设计思想的来源。然而，在作为工程解决方案实施之前，必须解决生物环境和工程系统之间在空间和时间尺度以及材料特性方面的差异。目前，受生物启发的岩土技术研究涉及土壤开挖和渗透、土壤-结构界面剪切、地基和锚固元件与土壤之间的荷载传递以及质量和热传输等主题，这些研究受到了蠕虫、蛤、蚂蚁、白蚁、鱼、蛇和植物根等生物的启发。这项工作突出了通过新的或改进的解决方案对岩土工程和通过对跨学科相互作用和协作的机制的理解而对生物学产生的潜在好处。
A broad diversity of biological organisms and systems interact with soil in ways that facilitate their growth and survival. These interactions are made possible by strategies that enable organisms to accomplish functions that can be analogous to those required in geotechnical engineering systems. Examples include anchorage in soft and weak ground, penetration into hard and stiff subsurface materials and movement in loose sand. Since the biological strategies have been 'vetted' by the process of natural selection, and the functions they accomplish are governed by the same physical laws in both the natural and engineered environments, they represent a unique source of principles and design ideas for addressing geotechnical challenges. Prior to implementation as engineering solutions, however, the differences in spatial and temporal scales and material properties between the biological environment and engineered system must be addressed. Current bio-inspired geotechnics research is addressing topics such as soil excavation and penetration, soil-structure interface shearing, load transfer between foundation and anchorage elements and soils, and mass and thermal transport, having gained inspiration from organisms such as worms, clams, ants, termites, fish, snakes and plant roots. This work highlights the potential benefits to both geotechnical engineering through new or improved solutions and biology through understanding of mechanisms as a result of cross-disciplinary interactions and collaborations.