Molecular phylogeny reveals genital convergences and reversals in the barklouse genus Trichadenotecnum (Insecta: Psocodea: 'Psocoptera': Psocidae)
Molecular phylogeny reveals genital convergences and reversals in the barklouse genus Trichadenotecnum (Insecta: Psocodea: 'Psocoptera': Psocidae)
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分子系统发育揭示了树虱属Trichadenotecnum（昆虫纲：Psocodea：“Psocoptera”：Psocidae）的生殖器趋同和逆转
DOI：
10.1016/j.ympev.2015.09.018
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
and Lienhard C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yoshizawa K;Yao I;and Lienhard C
Trichadenotecum是Psocodea的非寄生成员中种类最多的属之一。该属在世界范围内的分布(不包括澳大利亚地区，那里只有一个引进的物种已知)，其多样性的中心在南亚到东亚。根据形态，已经提出了几个种组，但它们的有效性和系统发育关系仍然不清楚，因为生殖器是系统上最相关的特征，具有很大的形态多样性。在这项研究中，我们基于广泛的分类单元取样，估计了东半球毛滴虫物种的分子系统发育。因此，在大多数情况下，以形态为基础的物种群体的单一性得到了非常有力的支持。然而，有两个类群被恢复为非单系学，这两个类群的定义不充分，基于生殖器特征的多形性或趋同性。首先，不支持节点组的单调性，因为发现中组组嵌入在该组中。在中间组中观察到的较简单的生殖器被认为是来自切除组中存在的较复杂的生殖器。第二，不支持该类群的单体论，原因有二：(1)该类群被分成两个相距较远的分支，它们最初是基于雄性生殖器的趋同而结合在一起的。(2)发现有两个物种组嵌入到马群的主要支系中；这两个物种组的最初分离是基于对祖先生殖器状况的逆转。
Trichadenotecnumis one of the most diverse genera among the non-parasitic members of Psocodea (Insecta: “Psocoptera”). The genus shows a world-wide distribution (excluding the Australian Region, where only one introduced species is known) with its center of diversity in southern to eastern Asia. Several species groups had been proposed for this large genus based on morphology, but their validity and phylogenetic relationships are still unclear because of great morphological diversity in the genitalia, systematically the most relevant character. In this study, we estimated the molecular phylogeny of the Old World species ofTrichadenotecnumbased on extensive taxon sampling. As a result, the monophyly of morphology-based species groups was very strongly supported in most cases. However, two groups were recovered as non-monophyletic, which had been inadequately defined on the basis of plesiomorphies or convergences of genital characters. First, the monophyly of thesexpunctatumgroup was not supported because themediumgroup was found to be embedded within this group. The simpler genitalia observed in themediumgroup were considered to be derived from the more complicated genitalia present in thesexpunctatumgroup. Second, the monophyly of themajusgroup was not supported for two reasons: (1) It was divided into two distant clades which initially had been united on the basis of convergent similarities of the male genitalia. (2) Two species groups were revealed to be embedded within the main clade of themajusgroup; the initial separation of these groups had been based on reversals to the ancestral genital condition.