Artificial Intellinence in Nephrology: Core Concepts, Clinical Applications, and Perspectives
Artificial Intellinence in Nephrology: Core Concepts, Clinical Applications, and Perspectives
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DOI：
10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.05.020
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发表时间：
2019-12-01
影响因子：
13.2
通讯作者：
Bastard, Paul
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Niel, Olivier;Bastard, Paul
人工智能在许多医学领域发挥着越来越重要的作用，在患者管理的大多数步骤中为医生提供帮助。在肾脏病学中，人工智能已经可以用于改善临床护理、血液透析处方和移植受者的随访。然而，许多肾脏科医生仍然不熟悉医疗人工智能的基本原理。这篇综述旨在提供一个概述的医疗人工智能相关的执业肾脏病学家，在肾脏病的所有领域。我们定义了人工智能和机器学习的核心概念，并涵盖了神经网络和深度学习的基本功能。我们还讨论了人工智能在肾脏病学和医学中的最新临床应用;作为一个例子，我们描述了人工智能如何预测进行性免疫球蛋白A肾病的发生。最后，我们考虑了人工智能在临床肾脏病学中的未来及其对医疗实践的影响，并讨论了人工智能在临床决策、医患关系、患者隐私和数据收集方面提出的伦理问题。
Artificial intelligence is playing an increasingly important role in many fields of medicine, assisting physicians in most steps of patient management. In nephrology, artificial intelligence can already be used to improve clinical care, hemodialysis prescriptions, and follow-up of transplant recipients. However, many nephrologists are still unfamiliar with the basic principles of medical artificial intelligence. This review seeks to provide an overview of medical artificial intelligence relevant to the practicing nephrologist, in all fields of nephrology. We define the core concepts of artificial intelligence and machine learning and cover the basics of the functioning of neural networks and deep learning. We also discuss the most recent clinical applications of artificial intelligence in nephrology and medicine; as an example, we describe how artificial intelligence can predict the occurrence of progressive immunoglobulin A nephropathy. Finally, we consider the future of artificial intelligence in clinical nephrology and its impact on medical practice, and conclude with a discussion of the ethical issues that the use of artificial intelligence raises in terms of clinical decision making, physician-patient relationship, patient privacy, and data collection.