Brachyury-downstream notochord genes and convergent extension in Ciona intestinalis embryos
Brachyury-downstream notochord genes and convergent extension in Ciona intestinalis embryos
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1440-169x.2007.00935.x
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发表时间：
2007-06-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Takahashi, Hiroki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hotta, Kohji;Yamada, Shigehiro;Takahashi, Hiroki
脊索小体的形成是通过一系列复杂的形态发生运动完成的，包括脊索细胞的会聚伸展。在海鞘动物中，短臂在脊索的形成中起着关键作用，目前已鉴定出30多个脊索下游基因。在本研究中，我们研究了9个脑脊索下游基因，包括ci-PTP、ci-acl、ci-prickle、ci-netrin、ci-trop、ci-noto3、ci-asak、ci-erm和ci-pellino的功能抑制效应。当前两个基因(Ci-PTP和Ci-acl)的功能被特定的吗啉抑制时，脊索细胞不能收敛，而Ci-棘细胞的功能抑制导致嵌合失败，因此这三种类型的胚胎中的细胞保持在胚胎的中背部。Ci-netrin、Ci-trop、Ci-Noto3和Ci-ASAK四个基因的功能抑制导致了部分嵌合缺陷，脊索不是单列的。此外，当最后两个基因(Ci-ERM和Ci-Pellino)的功能被抑制时，脊索细胞在胚胎中无法伸长，即使汇聚/延伸正常发生。这些结果表明，许多Bra下游脊索基因参与了胚胎的汇聚/延伸。
Formation of the chordate body is accomplished by a complex set of morphogenetic movements including convergent extension of notochord cells. In the ascidian Ciona intestinalis, Brachyury plays a key role in the formation of the notochord, and more than 30 Bra-downstream notochord genes have been identified. In the present study, we examined the effects of functional suppression of nine Bra-downstream notochord genes, which include Ci-PTP, Ci-ACL, Ci-prickle, Ci-netrin, Ci-trop, Ci-Noto3, Ci-ASAK, Ci-ERM and Ci-pellino. When the function of the first two genes (Ci-PTP and Ci-ACL) was suppressed with specific morpholinos, the notochord cells failed to converge, while functional suppression of Ci-prickle resulted in a failure of intercalation, and therefore the cells in these three types of embryo remained in the mid-dorsal region of the embryo. Functional suppression of the next four genes (Ci-netrin, Ci-trop, Ci-Noto3 and Ci-ASAK) resulted in the partial defect of intercalation, and the notochord did not consist of a single row. In addition, when the function of the last two genes (Ci-ERM and Ci-pellino) was suppressed, notochord cells failed to elongate in the embryo, even though convergence/extension took place normally. These results indicate that many Bra-downstream notochord genes are involved in convergence/extension of the embryo.