STOMATAL RESPONSES TO INCREASED CO2 - IMPLICATIONS FROM THE PLANT TO THE GLOBAL-SCALE
STOMATAL RESPONSES TO INCREASED CO2 - IMPLICATIONS FROM THE PLANT TO THE GLOBAL-SCALE
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-3040.1995.tb00630.x
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发表时间：
1995-10-01
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
MOONEY, HA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
FIELD, CB;JACKSON, RB;MOONEY, HA
增加大气CO2通常但并不总是导致叶片电导率大幅下降，降低叶片电导率对CO2响应的许多组成部分具有重要意义，从植物到全球范围，所有对土壤水分变化敏感的因素，无论是数量还是时间，都可能受到CO2增加的影响。潜在的敏感过程包括土壤蒸发、径流、分解和植物的生理调节，以及诸如冠层发育和植物和微生物群落的组成等因素。关于CO2对用水影响的生态系统规模后果的实验证据才刚刚开始积累，但初步迹象表明，在水资源有限的地区，CO2诱导的叶传导性变化的影响与CO2诱导的光合作用变化的影响在重要性上是相当的。在叶尺度上，许多过程相互作用以调节冠层或区域蒸散对CO2增加的响应。虽然这些过程的某些组成部分往往会放大蒸散对叶传导率变化的敏感性，但最可能的总体模式是冠层和区域蒸散的响应远小于冠层传导率的响应。在具有高叶传导率的空气动力学平滑冠层中，CO2增加对冠层蒸散的影响可能最小。在很大程度上仅限于农业，蒸散量的减少可能只有冠层电导率减少的四分之一，大区域冠层电导率的减少可能导致气候变化，包括温度升高和降水减少，迄今为止的模拟实验预测全球影响很小，但这些影响在区域上可能很重要，特别是与二氧化碳增加的辐射（温室）效应相结合。
Increased atmospheric CO2 Often but not always leads to large decreases in leaf conductance, Decreased leaf conductance has important implications for a number of components of CO2 responses, from the plant to the global scale, All of the factors that are sensitive to a change in soil moisture, either amount or timing, may be affected by increased CO2. The list of potentially sensitive processes includes soil evaporation, run-off, decomposition, and physiological adjustments of plants, as well as factors such as canopy development and the composition of the plant and microbial communities, Experimental evidence concerning ecosystem-scale consequences of the effects of CO2 on water use is only beginning to accumulate, but the initial indication is that, in water-limited areas, the effects of CO2-induced changes in leaf conductance are comparable in importance to those of CO2-induced changes in photosynthesis,Above the leaf scale, a number of processes interact to modulate the response of canopy or regional evapotranspiration to increased CO2. While some components of these processes tend to amplify the sensitivity of evapotranspiration to altered leaf conductance, the most likely overall pattern is one in which the responses of canopy and regional evapotranspiration are substantially smaller than the responses of canopy conductance, The effects of increased CO2 on canopy evapotranspiration are likely to be smallest in aerodynamically smooth canopies with high leaf conductances, Under these circumstances, which are largely restricted to agriculture, decreases in evapotranspiration may be only one-fourth as large as decreases in canopy conductance,Decreased canopy conductances over large regions may lead to altered climate, including increased temperature and decreased precipitation, The simulation experiments to date predict small effects globally, but these could be important regionally, especially in combination with radiative (greenhouse) effects of increased CO2.