CONVERSION OF LIGHT TO ELECTRICITY BY CIS-X2BIS(2,2'-BIPYRIDYL-4,4'-DICARBOXYLATE)RUTHENIUM(II) CHARGE-TRANSFER SENSITIZERS (X = CL-, BR-, I-, CN-, AND SCN-) ON NANOCRYSTALLINE TIO2 ELECTRODES
CONVERSION OF LIGHT TO ELECTRICITY BY CIS-X2BIS(2,2'-BIPYRIDYL-4,4'-DICARBOXYLATE)RUTHENIUM(II) CHARGE-TRANSFER SENSITIZERS (X = CL-, BR-, I-, CN-, AND SCN-) ON NANOCRYSTALLINE TIO2 ELECTRODES
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DOI：
10.1021/ja00067a063
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发表时间：
1993-07-14
影响因子：
15
通讯作者：
GRATZEL, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
NAZEERUDDIN, MK;KAY, A;GRATZEL, M
合成了cis-X2双（2，2 '-联吡啶-4，4'-二羧酸）钌（II）配合物（X = Cl-，Br-，I-，CN-，SCN-），并对其吸收、发光和氧化还原行为进行了表征。他们作为有效的电荷转移敏化剂的纳米TiO 2薄膜（厚度8-12微米）非常高的内表面积（粗糙度因子约。1000），通过在导电玻璃载体上烧结15-30-nm胶体二氧化钛颗粒制备。发现顺式-二（硫氰基）双（2，2 '-联吡啶-4，4'-二羧酸）钌（II）（1）的性能非常出色，是任何其他已知敏化剂无法比拟的。纳米TiO_2薄膜表面覆盖了1的单层膜，可以非常有效地吸收可见光，其吸收阈值约为800 nm。在很大的光谱范围内，入射光子到电流的转换几乎是定量的。将这些膜并入配备有光反射对电极的薄层再生太阳能电池中。使用碘化锂/三碘化锂在乙腈或乙腈/3-甲基-2-恶唑烷酮混合物中作为氧化还原电解质，在模拟AM 1.5日光中获得超过17 mA/cm 2的短路光电流。开路光电压为0.38 V，通过用4-叔丁基吡啶处理染料覆盖的膜增加到0.72 V。该系统的太阳能-电能转换效率达到10%。研究了温度对染料输出功率和长期稳定性的影响。基于简单分子光吸收剂的器件首次获得了与传统硅基光伏电池相当的转换效率。
cis-X2Bis(2,2'-bipyridyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate)ruthenium(II) complexes (X = Cl-, Br-, I-, CN-, and SCN-) were prepared and characterized with respect to their absorption, luminescence, and redox behavior. They act as efficient charge-transfer sensitizers for nanocrystalline TiO2 films (thickness 8-12 mum) of very high internal surface area (roughness factor ca. 1000), prepared by sintering of 15-30-nm colloidal titania particles on a conducting glass support. The performance of cis-di(thiocyanato)bis(2,2'-bipyridyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate)ruthenium(II) (1) was found to be outstanding and is unmatched by any other known sensitizer. Nanocrystalline TiO2 films coated with a monolayer of 1 harvest visible light very-efficiently, their absorption threshold being around 800 nm. Conversion of incident photons into electric current is nearly quantitative over a large spectral range. These films were incorporated in a thin-layer regenerative solar cell equipped with a light-reflecting counter electrode. Short-circuit photocurrents exceeding 17 mA/cm2 were obtained in simulated AM 1.5 sunlight using lithium iodide/triiodide in acetonitrile or acetonitrile/3-methyl-2-oxazolidinone mixtures as redox electrolyte. The open-circuit photovoltage was 0.38 V and increased to 0.72 V by treating the dye-covered film with 4-tert-butylpyridine. A solar-to-electric energy conversion efficiency of 10% was attained with this system. The effect of temperature on the power output and long-term stability of the dye was also investigated. For the first time, a device based on a simple molecular light absorber attains a conversion efficiency commensurate with that of conventional silicon-based photovoltaic cells.