T helper 1 and 2 immune responses in relationship to pregnancy, nonpregnancy, recurrent spontaneous abortions and infertility of repeated implantation failures
T helper 1 and 2 immune responses in relationship to pregnancy, nonpregnancy, recurrent spontaneous abortions and infertility of repeated implantation failures
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DOI：
10.1159/000087821
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发表时间：
2005-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Kim, CE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kwak-Kim, JYH;Gilman-Sachs, A;Kim, CE
越来越清楚的是，在怀孕的每个发育阶段，都存在不同的免疫条件，甚至可能是成功所必需的。广泛接受的辅助性 T (Th) 1 和 2 概念如果应用于妊娠的各个发育阶段，则存在一些局限性。在着床期间，多向细胞因子网络是必需的，囊胚产生细胞因子和其他因子，子宫内膜合成胚胎发育必需的因子。不正确的免疫反应和不平衡的细胞因子网络可能与着床失败、妊娠失败和产科并发症有关。据报道，这些情况下存在全身或局部的 Th1 免疫反应倾向。 Th1：Th2细胞比例升高、外周血单核细胞分泌的Th1细胞因子浓度升高、NK细胞的细胞毒性和水平升高以及各种自身抗体的出现都是支持证据。 Th1 占优势的潜在免疫病理学尚不清楚。未来需要进一步探索遗传、环境和激素病因。本综述的目的是概述生殖障碍女性免疫反应的已知情况，并提供该领域一些最新研究结果的更新。
It is becoming clear that during each developmental stage of pregnancy, different immunological conditions exist and may even be necessary for success. The widely accepted T helper (Th) 1 and 2 concept has some limitations if applied to the various developmental stages of pregnancy. During the implantation period, a multidirectional cytokine network is necessary with the blastocyst producing cytokines and other factors and the endometrium synthesizing factors necessary for the embryonic development. Improper immune responses and an unbalanced cytokine network may be related to implantation failures, pregnancy losses and obstetrical complications. A propensity to Th1 immune responses has been reported in these conditions systemically or locally. The presence of elevated Th1: Th2 cell ratios, high concentration of Th1 cytokines secreted by peripheral blood mononuclear cells, elevated NK cell cytotoxicity and levels, and emergence of various autoantibodies are the supporting evidence. The underlying immunopathology for the preponderance of Th1 is unknown. Genetic, environmental, and hormonal etiologies need to be explored further in the future. The purpose of this review is to give an overview of what is known about the immune response in women with reproductive failures and provide an update of some of the most recent findings in this field.