Biological properties and pathogenicity factors of Helicobacter pylori.
Biological properties and pathogenicity factors of Helicobacter pylori.
复制标题
幽门螺杆菌的生物学特性及致病因素。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Fagoonee
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Isaeva;S. Fagoonee
幽门螺杆菌（Helicobacter pylori，H.幽门螺杆菌）的研究在过去30年中彻底改变了微生物学和胃肠病学的历史，为全世界数百万人带来了宝贵的利益。这种革兰氏阴性螺旋菌可以生活在胃中的确认已经使胃环境中微生物冷漠的概念过时，在胃中存在螺旋菌的闻所未闻的报道很长一段时间之后。H.幽门螺杆菌依赖于其定植能力以及在恶劣的胃环境中生存的能力。这可能是由于病原体本身和宿主之间的共同进化。这种平衡的任何扰动都会破坏宿主-病原体的相互作用，从而促进病理效应。H.幽门螺杆菌具有广泛的致病因子，特别是细胞毒素、攻击酶和提供针对人类防御系统的保护的因子。导致上皮细胞损伤的最好表征的细胞毒素是空泡化细胞毒素A（VacA）和细胞毒素相关基因A（CagA）。只有对H.幽门螺杆菌感染将使疫苗得以生产。今天，我们知道H。幽门螺旋杆菌可引起强烈的体液和细胞免疫反应，但这些免疫反应无法消灭这种细菌，这使人们怀疑是否有可能轻易研制出有效的疫苗。本文综述了有关H. pylori感染，关注定植、存活和致病性。
The unexpected discovery of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has revolutionised the history of microbiology as well as of gastroenterology in the last 30 years, with an invaluable benefit for millions of persons worldwide. The confirmation that this Gram-negative spiral bacterium could live in the stomach has rendered out-of-date the concept of inhospitality of micro-organisms in the gastric environment, after a long history of unheard reports on the presence of spiral bacteria in the stomach. The pathogenicity of H. pylori depends on its ability to colonize as well as the capability to survive in the harsh gastric environment. This is possible by a coevolution between the pathogen itself and the host. Any perturbation of this equilibrium disrupts the host-pathogen interaction, promoting the pathological effects. H. pylori has a wide range of pathogenicity factors, in particular cytotoxins, enzymes of aggression, and factors providing protection against human defense systems. The most well-characterized cytotoxins contributing to epithelial cell damage are the vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA) and the cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA). Only detailed knowledge of the microbiology and genomics of H. pylori infection will allow a vaccine to be produced. Today, we know that H. pylori induces strong humoral and cellular immune responses, but these are incapable of eliminating the bacterium, raising doubts about the possibility of developing an effective vaccine easily. This review highlights microbiological findings concerning H. pylori infection, focusing on colonization, survival and pathogenicity.