OVERWORK AND THE PERSISTENCE OF GENDER SEGREGATION IN OCCUPATIONS
OVERWORK AND THE PERSISTENCE OF GENDER SEGREGATION IN OCCUPATIONS
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DOI：
10.1177/0891243212470510
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发表时间：
2013-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Cha, Youngjoo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cha, Youngjoo
本研究调查了日益普遍的长时间工作（“过度工作”）趋势是否会导致职业中的性别隔离永久化。虽然在许多男性主导的职业中，过度工作是一种预期常态，但女性，尤其是母亲，在结构上不太能够满足这种期望，因为她们的时间比男性的时间更多地受到家庭需求的影响。本研究调查了工作和家庭时间需求的冲突是否会增加从事男性主导职业的母亲的流失率，从而加剧职业隔离。我使用收入和计划参与调查中的纵向数据表明，当母亲每周工作 50 小时或以上时，她们更有可能离开男性主导的职业，但对于男性或无子女的女性却没有发现同样的效果。研究结果还表明，过度劳累的母亲更有可能完全退出劳动力队伍，这种模式是男性主导职业所特有的。这些发现表明，男性主导的工作场所的过度工作常态和家庭中的性别观念结合起来，加剧了劳动力市场的性别隔离。
This study investigates whether the increasingly common trend of working long hours ("overwork") perpetuates gender segregation in occupations. While overwork is an expected norm in many male-dominated occupations, women, especially mothers, are structurally less able to meet this expectation because their time is subject to family demands more than is men's time. This study investigates whether the conflicting time demands of work and family increase attrition rates of mothers in male-dominated occupations, thereby reinforcing occupational segregation. Using longitudinal data drawn from the Survey of Income and Program Participation, I show that mothers are more likely to leave male-dominated occupations when they work 50 hours or more per week, but the same effect is not found for men or childless women. Results also show that overworking mothers are more likely to exit the labor force entirely, and this pattern is specific to male-dominated occupations. These findings demonstrate that the norm of overwork in male-dominated workplaces and the gender beliefs operating in the family combine to reinforce gender segregation of the labor market.