Japan's Post-War Ainu Policy: Why the Japanese government has not recognised Ainu indigenous rights?
Japan's Post-War Ainu Policy: Why the Japanese government has not recognised Ainu indigenous rights?
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日本战后阿伊努政策：为何日本政府不承认阿伊努原住民权利？
DOI：
10.1017/s003224741200040x
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
0.8
通讯作者：
Hiroshi maruyama
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Kamiya;M. Tsukada;W. Lenggoro, N. Namiki;M. Wada;N. Noda;H. Makino;C. Minejima;W. W. Szymanski;曽谷亜美，渡部守義;渡部守義;丸尾雅啓;早川和秀・岡本高弘・五十嵐恵子・古角恵美・廣瀬佳則・一瀬諭・古田世子・田中稔・永田貴丸・津田久美子・清水芳久・日下部武敏・三崎健太郎・中野伸一・藤嶽暢英・山田悦・布施泰朗・田中仁志・杉山裕子・丸尾雅啓;Hiroshi maruyama
1946年，阿伊努人成立了北海道阿伊努人协会，以收复他们的土地。 20世纪70年代和80年代，该协会成功向北海道政府施加压力，要求其采取社会福利措施改善他们的生活，并制定了一项与《北海道原住民保护法》相对立的新法律。 1997年，日本政府颁布了所谓的新阿伊努法。然而，它与阿伊努人最初制定的草案完全不同。法律并未将阿伊努人指定为土著人民。此外，二风谷水坝案的判决也超越了这一点，该判决在日本历史上首次承认阿伊努人在日本领土上的文化权和原住民权。 2008年，在联合国《原住民权利宣言》颁布后，日本政府最终承认阿伊努人为原住民。然而，阿伊努人还没有任何土著权利。本说明按时间顺序概述了日本战后的阿伊努政策，并探讨了谁和什么影响了阿伊努政策和法律。
In 1946, the Ainu Association of Hokkaido was established by the Ainu to reclaim their lands. The 1970s and 80s saw that the association successfully put pressure on the Hokkaido Prefectural Government to take social welfare measures for the improvement of their life and make a new law counter to the Hokkaido Former Aborigines Protection Act. In 1997 the Japanese Government enacted the so-called New Ainu Law. However, it is totally different from the original draft made by the Ainu. The law does not designate the Ainu as indigenous people. Further, it is outstripped by the decision of Nibutani Dam Case that, for the first time in Japanese history, recognised Ainu right to culture and indigenousness in Japanese territory. In 2008 the Japanese Government finally recognised the Ainu as indigenous people in the wake of the UN Declaration of the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. However, the Ainu do not yet have any indigenous rights. This note chronologically outlines Japan's post-war Ainu policy, and moreover explores who and what has influenced Ainu policy and the law.