Scantegrity II: End-to-End Verifiability for Optical Scan Election Systems using Invisible Ink Confirmation Codes
Scantegrity II: End-to-End Verifiability for Optical Scan Election Systems using Invisible Ink Confirmation Codes
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Scantegrity II：使用隐形墨水确认码的光学扫描选举系统的端到端验证
DOI：
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Sherman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Chaum;R. Carback;Jeremy Clark;A. Essex;Stefan Popoveniuc;R. Rivest;P. Ryan;Emily Shen;A. Sherman
我们介绍Scantegrity II，一个实用的增强光学扫描投票系统，实现了增加选举的完整性，通过新颖的使用确认码印在选票上的隐形墨水。选民们就像在传统的光学扫描中一样标记选票，但是使用一种特殊的笔，这种笔可以产生隐形墨水。选举完整性的可验证性是端到端的，允许选民检查他们的选票是否被正确包含（而不透露他们的选票），并允许任何人检查计票结果是否从包含的选票中正确计算出来。与最初的Scantegrity不同，争议解决既不依赖于纸质票据，也不要求选举官员收回特定的选票表格。Scantegrity II可与基于区域的扫描系统或中央扫描系统配合使用。该基本系统是用开放源码Java实现的，配备了现成的打印设备，并在一次小型选举中进行了测试。
对Scantegrity II的增强使投票站中向投票人透露的选票标识和其他独特信息不会被投票人以外的人获悉。这一修改实现了基本上等同于普通纸质选票系统的隐私，允许人工计票和重新计票。
We introduce Scantegrity II, a practical enhancement for optical scan voting systems that achieves increased election integrity through the novel use of confirmation codes printed on ballots in invisible ink. Voters mark ballots just as in conventional optical scan but using a special pen that develops the invisible ink. Verifiability of election integrity is end-to-end, allowing voters to check that their votes are correctly included (without revealing their votes) and allowing anyone to check that the tally is computed correctly from the included votes. Unlike in the original Scantegrity, dispute resolution neither relies on paper chits nor requires election officials to recover particular ballot forms. Scantegrity II works with either precinct-based or central scan systems. The basic system has been implemented in open-source Java with off-the-shelf printing equipment and has been tested in a small election.
An enhancement to Scantegrity II keeps ballot identification and other unique information that is revealed to the voter in the booth from being learned by persons other than the voter. This modification achieves privacy that is essentially equivalent to that of ordinary paper ballot systems, allowing manual counting and recounting of ballots.