Association between precarious employment and BMI in the United States.
Association between precarious employment and BMI in the United States.
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DOI：
10.1002/oby.23591
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发表时间：
2023-01
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人们越来越认识到，不稳定的就业是健康的一个重要决定因素，这可能通过包括压力在内的多种机制增加身体质量指数(BMI)。我们调查了不稳定就业的增加是否与美国BMI的变化有关。数据来自全国青年队列纵向调查(1996-2016)(N=7280)。我们确定了13个指标来实施不稳定就业的七个方面(范围0-7，7表示最不稳定)：物质奖励、工作时间安排、稳定性、工人权利、集体组织、人际关系和培训。我们使用线性回归模型和工具变量方法估计了不稳定的就业与BMI之间的关系；州和个人层面的公司规模影响了不稳定的就业。模型还包括个人和年份固定效应，并控制了年龄、婚姻状况、教育程度、地区和行业。平均不稳定就业得分(PES)为3.49(95%可信区间：3.46，3.52)。西班牙裔女性(4.04；95%CI：3.92，4.15)和非西班牙裔黑人女性(4.02，95%CI：3.92，4.12)受教育程度较低。PES每增加1分，BMI增加2.18分(95%可信区间：0.30，4.01)。考虑到即使体重的微小变化也会影响慢性病风险，提高就业质量的政策值得考虑。
There is growing recognition that precarious employment is an important determinant of health, which may increase body mass index (BMI) through multiple mechanisms, including stress. We investigated whether increases in precarious employment were associated with changes in BMI in the U.S. Data were from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth cohort (1996–2016) (N=7,280). We identified 13 indicators to operationalize seven dimensions of precarious employment (range: 0–7, 7 indicating most precarious): material rewards, working-time arrangements, stability, workers’ rights, collective organization, interpersonal relations, and training. We estimated the precarious employment-BMI association using linear regression models and an instrumental variables approach; state- and individual-level firm size instrumented precarious employment. Models also included individual and year fixed-effects and controlled for age, marital status, education, region, and industry. The average precarious employment score (PES) was 3.49 (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 3.46, 3.52). The PES was the highest among Hispanic (4.04; 95% CI: 3.92, 4.15) and non-Hispanic Black (4.02; 95% CI: 3.92, 4.12) women with lower-education. A 1-point increase in the PES was associated with a 2.18-point increase in BMI (95% CI: 0.30, 4.01). Given that even small changes in weight affect chronic disease risk, policies to improve employment quality warrant consideration.