Reconceptualising the role of organisms in the erosion of rock coasts: A new model
Reconceptualising the role of organisms in the erosion of rock coasts: A new model
复制标题
重新概念生物体在岩石海岸侵蚀中的作用：一个新模型
DOI：
10.1016/j.geomorph.2011.07.015
复制
发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
H. Viles
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. Naylor;M. Coombes;H. Viles
试图了解岩石海岸的地貌动力学的重点是侵蚀的性质和速度，以及这如何影响海岸剖面从一个世纪到数千年的时间尺度的演变。生物对这一过程的贡献往往被忽视或以一种相当简单化的方式对待，因为这仅仅是造成岩石强度的微小幅度下降。利用实地观察和文献回顾相结合的方法，我们解决了阻碍更全面地评估沿海岩石侵蚀的生物影响的两个关键问题。首先，我们将生物对岩石海岸侵蚀的贡献重新定义为直接和促进的类型，其次，我们讨论了更适当地报告生物侵蚀速率的必要性。对于直接生物侵蚀，这意味着清楚地记录受生物侵蚀剂影响的平台表面的百分比，并量化被侵蚀的物质的体积和产生的细小沉积物的数量。为了促进生物侵蚀，我们必须量化生物群在改变岩石材料性质、创造或改变表面形态和/或削弱节理边界方面的作用。在这种情况下，促进性生物侵蚀是调节岩石表面地貌变化的几个过程之一，有助于产生地貌和/或减少岩石的阻力。随后，我们在这些想法的基础上建立了一个新的概念模型，该模型更准确地描述了生物过程，特别是生物侵蚀，影响海岸岩石对侵蚀力的抵抗力的多种和跨标度的方式。这种模型为今后的数值模拟和了解岩石海岸的地貌动力学提供了更坚实的基础，并能够对生物群的作用进行定量评估。
Attempts to understand the morphodynamics of rock coasts focus on the nature and rate of erosion and how this influences the evolution of coastal profiles over century to millennial timescales. Biological contributions to this process are often ignored or treated in a rather simplistic way as merely producing microscale decreases in rock strength. Using a combination of field observations and literature review, we address two key issues hampering a more rounded assessment of biological impacts erosion of coastal rocks. Firstly, we reconceptualise the biological contributions to erosion of rock coasts into direct and facilitative types, and secondly we discuss the need for more appropriate reporting of rates of bioerosion. For direct bioerosion, this means clearly documenting the percentage of platform surfaces affected by bioerosive agents and quantifying the volume of material eroded and the amount of fine sediment produced. For facilitative bioerosion, we must quantify the roles of biota in changing the material properties of rocks, creating or altering surface morphologies and/or weakening joint boundaries. In this way, facilitative bioerosion is one of several processes mediating geomorphic alteration of rock surfaces, contributing to the production of landforms and/or reducing the resisting force of rock. Subsequently, we build on these ideas to produce a new conceptual model which more accurately portrays the multiple and cross-scalar ways that biological processes, notably bioerosion, influence the resistance of coastal rocks to erosive forces. Such a model provides a stronger basis for numerical modelling and understanding the morphodynamics of rock coasts in the future and allows a quantitative assessment of the role of biota.
过去和现在的放牧增加了生物膜的光自养生物量
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Skov M
通讯作者：
Skov M