Risk of Cancer among Atomic Bomb Survivors
Risk of Cancer among Atomic Bomb Survivors
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原子弹爆炸幸存者患癌症的风险
DOI：
10.1269/jrr.32.supplement2_54
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发表时间：
1991
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
W. Schull
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Y. Shimizu;H. Kato;W. Schull
本报告描述了广岛和长崎原子弹爆炸幸存者患癌症的风险，特别是患白血病以外癌症的风险。注意力主要集中在1950-1985年期间辐射效应研究基金会寿命研究样本中个人癌症死亡的风险上，该样本是根据最近修订的剂量测定法（称为DS 86剂量）得出的。作为原子弹辐射的晚期效应，原子弹幸存者中恶性肿瘤的死亡率增加。除了众所周知的白血病发病率增加之外，肺癌、乳腺癌、食道癌、胃癌、结肠癌、卵巢癌、膀胱癌、甲状腺癌和多发性骨髓瘤的发病率也有所增加，但尚未观察到直肠癌、胆囊癌、胰腺癌、前列腺癌和子宫癌以及恶性淋巴瘤的死亡率增加。辐射诱发的癌症（白血病除外）随着时间的推移出现的模式与白血病不同。一般来说，辐射诱发的实体癌在达到癌症通常易发的年龄（所谓的癌症年龄）后开始出现，并随着对照组的年龄增长而与死亡率的增加成比例地继续增加。就癌症诱发而言，对辐射的敏感性，一般来说，在原子弹爆炸（ATB）时年轻的人比那些年龄较大的ATB人更高。此外，出生前受辐射的幸存者（至少是成年后受辐射的幸存者）对辐射诱发癌症的易感性往往高于出生后受辐射的幸存者。还将讨论其他辐射效应调节剂和剂量响应曲线的形状。
This report describes the risk of cancer and in particular cancers other than leukemia among the survivors of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Attention focuses primarily on the risk of death from cancer among individuals in the Life Span Study sample of the Radiation Effect Research Foundation in the period 1950-1985 based on the recently revised dosimetry, termed the DS86 doses. Mortality from malignant tumors is increased among A-bomb survivors as a late effect of A-bomb radiation. Besides the well-known increase of leukemia, there also has been demonstrated increase of cancer of the lung, breast, esophagus, stomach, colon, ovary, urinary bladder, thyroid, and of multiple myeloma, but no increase has yet been observed in mortality from cancer of the rectum, gallbladder, pancreas, prostate and uterus, and of malignant lymphoma. The pattern of appearance over time of radiation-induced cancer other than leukemia differs from that of leukemia. In general, radiation-induced solid cancer begins to appear after attaining the age at which the cancer is normally prone to develop (so-called cancer age), and continues to increase proportionately with the increase in mortality of the control group as it ages. Sensitivity to radiation, in terms of cancer induction, is higher for persons who were young at the time of the bomb (ATB) in general than for those who were older ATB. Furthermore, susceptibility to radiationinduced cancer tends to be higher in pre than in post-natally exposed survivors (at least those exposed as adults). Other radiation effect modifiers and the shape of the dose response curve will also be discussed.