Glucocorticoid action in the anterior pituitary gland: Insights from corticotroph physiology.
Glucocorticoid action in the anterior pituitary gland: Insights from corticotroph physiology.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.coemr.2022.100358
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发表时间：
2022-08
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垂体前叶暴露于超昼夜节律和应激诱导的循环糖皮质激素节律。糖皮质激素在垂体促皮质激素水平上反馈，通过多种机制控制自身的产生。这篇综述强调了快速和早期糖皮质激素反馈动力学分析的关键见解，揭示了糖皮质激素受体介导的非基因组和基因组机制。重要的是，一个共同的目标是控制电兴奋性和钙信号，尽管非基因组效应也可能涉及控制钙信号远端的激素分泌。了解垂体前叶脉冲性糖皮质激素信号传导的机制和功能后果，有望阐明糖皮质激素在健康和疾病中的作用，并确定潜在的诊断和治疗靶点。垂体前叶促皮质激素暴露于循环糖皮质激素的动态变化中。糖皮质激素的反馈是通过非基因组和基因组机制在不同的时间域。一种常见的新机制是通过控制细胞兴奋性和钙信号。确定机制和动力学是诊断和治疗压力相关疾病的关键。
The anterior pituitary is exposed to ultradian, circadian and stress-induced rhythms of circulating glucocorticoid hormones. Glucocorticoids feedback at the level of the pituitary corticotroph to control their own production through multiple mechanisms. This review highlights key insights from analysis of the dynamics of rapid and early glucocorticoid feedback that reveal both non-genomic and genomic mechanisms mediated by glucocorticoid receptors. Importantly, a common target is control of electrical excitability and calcium signalling although non-genomic effects may also involve control of hormone secretion distal to calcium signalling. Understanding the mechanisms and functional consequences of pulsatile glucocorticoid signalling in the anterior pituitary promises to elucidate the role of glucocorticoids in health and disease, as well as identifying potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets. Anterior pituitary corticotrophs are exposed to dynamic changes in circulating glucocorticoids. Glucocorticoid feedback is via non-genomic and genomic mechanisms over different time domains. A common emerging mechanism is through control of cell excitability and calcium signalling. Defining the mechanisms and dynamics is key to diagnosing and treating stress-related disorders.