Comparison of effects of air pollutants (SO2, O3, NO2) on intact leaves by measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence and P700 absorbance changes
Comparison of effects of air pollutants (SO2, O3, NO2) on intact leaves by measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence and P700 absorbance changes
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通过测量叶绿素荧光和 P700 吸光度变化来比较空气污染物（SO2、O3、NO2）对完整叶子的影响
DOI：
10.1007/bf00033165
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发表时间：
1990
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
W. Urbach
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
W. Schmidt;C. Neubauer;J. Kolbowski;U. Schreiber;W. Urbach
短时间暴露于高浓度不同的空气污染物（20分钟SO2，2小时O3，和4小时NO2，5 ppm的每一个）对叶绿素荧光和P700吸光度的变化在830 nm的完整菠菜叶片的即时影响进行了研究。使用了三种不同类型的荧光测量：饱和光下的荧光上升动力学、快速荧光诱导动力学（考茨基效应）和饱和脉冲重复应用的慢诱导动力学结果表明，不同的大气污染物对叶片光合机构的损害程度不同：1.SO_2：其主要作用是由于酸化作用，减弱PS Ⅱ供体侧（抑制荧光中的I1-I2-P相）和抑制卡尔文循环激活（不松弛膜电位）。2. O3：O3由于其高反应性，显然没有特定的攻击点。它显然与所有的细胞膜反应，但主要是与质膜，它首先通过的方式进入叶。3.NO2：NO2产生HNO 3和HNO 2，当溶解在叶水。然而，亚硝酸盐还原酶非常有效，因此（在光照下）几乎所有的亚硝酸盐都被还原。通过将亚硝酸盐还原为氨，产生OH-，防止净酸化。显然，电子传输速率，这是可能的与亚硝酸盐作为受体是非常高的，是与那些观察到的著名的希尔试剂甲基紫精，在饱和光的P700测量所揭示的。这种与NO2-的高反应性必须阻止同化电子流。
The immediate effects of short exposures to high concentrations of different air pollutants (20 min SO2, 2 h O3, and 4 h NO2, 5 ppm each) on chlorophyll fluorescence and P700absorbance changes at 830 nm of intact spinach leaves were investigated. Three different types of fluorescence measurements were used: Fluorescence rise kinetics in saturating light, fast fluorescence induction kinetics (Kautsky-effect), and slow induction kinetics with repetitive application of saturation pulses (saturation pulse method).The results show that the various air pollutants caused rather different damage in the photosynthetic apparatus of the leaves:1.SO2: The main effect is due to the acidifying action, weakening the PS II donor side (suppression of I1-I2-P phase in fluorescence) and inhibiting Calvin cycle activation (no relaxation of membrane energization).2.O3: Ozone has apparently no specific point of attack due to its high reactivity. It obviously reacts with all cell membranes, but primarily with the plasma membrane which it first passes on the way into the leaf.3.NO2: NO2produces HNO3and HNO2, when dissolved in the leaf water. The nitrite reductase, however, is highly effective, so that (in the light) nearly all nitrite is reduced. By the reduction of nitrite to ammonia, OH-is produced preventing net acidification. Obviously, the electron transport rates, which are possible with nitrite as acceptor are very high, being comparable to those observed with the well-known Hill reagent methylviologen, as revealed by P700measurements in saturating light. Such high reactivities with NO2-must prevent assimilatory electron flow.