Arkansas Academy of Science Proceedings, Vol. iy, 1963 COMPARISON OF SPIDER POPULATIONS OF GROUND STRATUM IN ARKANSAS PASTURE AND ADJACENT CULTIVATED FIELD ••»
Arkansas Academy of Science Proceedings, Vol. iy, 1963 COMPARISON OF SPIDER POPULATIONS OF GROUND STRATUM IN ARKANSAS PASTURE AND ADJACENT CULTIVATED FIELD ••»
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阿肯色州科学院院刊，第 1 卷，1963 年 阿肯色州牧场和邻近耕地的蜘蛛种群比较
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发表时间：
1963
期刊：
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通讯作者：
M. Hite
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作者：
W. H. Whitcomb;H. Exline;M. Hite
在从阿肯色州的一个牧场和毗邻的棉田的地层中采集的64种蜘蛛中，只有26种是两者共有的。22只在棉田采集，16只在牧场采集。在18种石松科植物中，有许多种在栽培田中被大量采集，尤其是豹蛛和狼蛛。8种石松类仅在棉田中发现，2种仅在牧场中发现。在代表性较好的石松纲中，只有裂殖蜥目没有表现出偏好性.类似的关系也适用于网蝽科、飞蓬科、linyphiids、oxyopids、平腹蛛科、管巢蛛科、thomisids和跳蛛科.在北美，没有人，以及可以学习，比较蜘蛛种群的自然或接近自然的植物群落与相邻的耕地。在最近对特定生境的大量调查中，许多调查包括不同层次蜘蛛种群的比较，少数调查涉及植物演替后的区系变化：Smith-Davidson的落叶林演替（1932）; Truman的伊利湖Presque岛植物群落（1942）; Lowrie的芝加哥地区沙丘（1948）;内布拉斯加州林肯附近的原始草原，由Muma和Muma（1949）; 2以及巴恩斯（1953）的海洋植物群落。选择了一个牧场和邻近的棉花田进行研究，该牧场位于阿肯色州康威县莫里尔顿附近的阿肯色州河南侧的洼地和河流阶地上。牧场呈波浪形，向下面几乎平坦的棉花田倾斜，最高点在田地上方约20英尺处。牧场基本上是百慕大草，狗牙根（Linn.），但其他植物，如狗茴香，春黄菊属，和假俭草（Helenium tenuifolium Nutt.），都在场牛在这里吃草，扰乱并摧毁了一些蜘蛛种群，特别是草本层的蜘蛛种群。棉花地，曾经是牧场的一部分，
Of 64 species of spiders taken from the ground stratum of an Arkansas pasture and adjoining cotton field, only 26 were common to both. Twenty-two were collected only in the cotton field; 16, only in the pasture. Many of the 18 spe- ciesof lycosids were taken in greater numbers in the cultivated field, especially Pardosa milvina and Lycosa helluo. Eight species of lycosids were found only in the cotton field; two, only in the pasture. Only Schizocosaavida, of the better repre- sented lycosids, appeared to show no preference. Similar rela- tionships are given for dictynids, erigonids, linyphiids, oxy- opids, gnaphosids, clubionids, thomisids, and salticids. No one in North America, as well as can be learned, has compared the spider population of a natural or nearly natural plant community with that of an adjacent cultivated field. Of the numerous recent surveys of particular habitats, many in- clude comparisons of populations of spiders in various strata, and a few deal with faunal changes following plant succes- sion: deciduous forest successionby Smith-Davidson (1932); plant associations, Presque Isle, Lake Erie, by Truman (1942) ; Chicago area dunes by Lowrie (1948); virgin prairie near Lincoln, Nebraska, by Muma and Muma (1949) ; and mari- time plant communities by Barnes (1953). A pasture and adjacent cotton field were selected for study, situated on bottom land and river terrace on the south side of the Arkansas River, near Morrilton, Conway County, Arkansas. The pasture undulates and slopes toward the nearly flat cotton field below, its highest point being about 20 feet above the field. The pasture is essentially a Bermuda grass, Cynodon dactylon (Linn.), community; but other plants, such as dog fennel, Anthemis spp., and bitterweed, Helenium tenui- folium Nutt., are present. Cattle graze it, disturbing and destroying some of the spider population, especially that of the herbaceousstratum. The cotton field, once part of the pasture,