Engineering the Human Soul: Analyzing Psychological Expertise
Engineering the Human Soul: Analyzing Psychological Expertise
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改造人类灵魂：分析心理学专业知识
作者：
N. Rose
在“西方”自由民主的资本主义社会中，心理学知识不仅在从工厂到家庭的各个领域的管理中，而且在公民生活所依据的道德体系中，都是不可或缺的。我们不能完全理解心理学在科学应用、思想传播或职业创业活动方面所起的作用。相反，我们需要把心理学看作是使专门知识的形式成为可能，这些专门知识有一种特殊的能力，可以将自己嫁接到所有与行为的行为有关的人的实践中。心理学在这些实践中运作，使个人成为可计算的，使主体间空间成为可管理的，简化当局的异质任务，并以伦理治疗的理由来支持它们。心理学也开始注入当代的“自我技术”，它承诺恢复人们的自由和自主。心理学“技术”的这些特征与自由民主国家的问题有着内在的联系，自由民主国家寻求通过隐私、理性和自治进行治理。如果心理学的专业技术在西方的行为规范中发挥了如此重要的作用，那么如果心理学专业知识是东欧社会当前变革的受益者，我们就不应该感到惊讶。
The Argument In the liberal democratic capitalist societies of “the West,” psychological know-how has made itself indispensable, not only in the regulation of domains from the factory to the family but also in the ethical systems according to which citizens live their lives. We cannot fully understand the role that psychology has come to play in terms of the application of science, the diffusion of ideas, or the entrepreneurial activities of a profession. Rather, we need to see psychology as making possible forms of expertise that have a particular capacity to graft themselves onto the practices of all those concerned with the conduct of conduct. Psychology operates within these practices to make individuals who are calculable, to make intersubjective spaces that are manageable, to simplify the heterogeneous tasks of authorities and to underpin them with an ethico-therapeutic rationale. Psychology has also come to infuse contemporary “technologies of the self,” with its promises to restore persons to freedom and autonomy. These features of the “techne” of psychology are intrinsically linked to the problematics of liberal democracies, which seek to govern through privacy, rationality, and autonomy. And if the expert technologies of psychology have come to play such a significant role in the regulation of conduct in the West, we should not be surprised if psychological expertise is a beneficiary of current transformations of the societies of Eastern Europe.