Measuring the environmental sustainability performance of global supply chains: A multi-regional input-output analysis for carbon, sulphur oxide and water footprints
Measuring the environmental sustainability performance of global supply chains: A multi-regional input-output analysis for carbon, sulphur oxide and water footprints
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.10.059
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发表时间：
2017-02-01
影响因子：
8.7
通讯作者：
Hubacek, Klaus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Acquaye, Adolf;Feng, Kuishuang;Hubacek, Klaus
尽管可持续供应链管理的基本原则趋同，但衡量环境可持续供应链的绩效而不是供应链构成已成为一项挑战。供应链本质上是动态的和复杂的，而且可以使用多种措施来描述绩效，这一事实加剧了这一挑战。通过确定文献中有关绩效测量的一些关键问题，本文通过采用经济部门的环境绩效测量方法，为现有文献做出了贡献。它使用经济部门，并在特定国家的部门层面以及基于已建立的多区域投入产出（MRIO）建模框架的全球价值链的一部分对其进行评估。MRIO模型已被用于计算直接和间接（即供应链或上游）环境影响，如二氧化碳、二氧化硫、生物多样性、水消耗和污染，仅举几例。在本文中，我们使用MRIO分析来计算排放和资源消耗强度和足迹、直接和间接影响以及国与国之间的净排放流量。这方面的例子包括两个高污染工业的碳排放、氧化硫排放和用水；从1995年到2009年，33个国家的电力生产和化学工业，包括欧盟27国、巴西、印度和中国、美国、加拿大和日本。其中一些亮点包括：平均而言，欧盟所有27个成员国电力部门的直接碳排放量估计为每年1.368亿吨，间接碳排放量为4.707亿吨，占欧盟27国与该部门相关的总碳排放量的25.6%。还观察到，自2004年以来，印度和中国的电力生产中的硫氧化物排放强度保持相对稳定，分别为约62.8 gSO(x)/美元和84.4 gSO(x)/美元，尽管高于其他国家。在用水方面，中国（1040.27升/美元）和印度（961.63升/美元）的高用水强度是电力行业中最高的，这两个国家被列为高用水压力风险国家，加剧了这一情况。本文还强调了MRIO方法的许多优点，包括：15年的时间序列研究（提供了关键行业环境绩效的测量，并有机会评估调查期间的技术和技术变化），供应链方法提供了一致的方法框架，并考虑了整个全球供应链中所有上游供应链的环境影响。本文还从价值链层次的分析水平、方法问题、绩效指标、环境交流和政策相关性等方面讨论了本研究对环境可持续性绩效衡量的启示。(C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
Measuring the performance of environmentally sustainable supply chains instead of chain constitute has become a challenge despite the convergence of the underlining principles of sustainable supply chain management. This challenge is exacerbated by the fact that supply chains are inherently dynamic and complex and also because multiple measures can be used to characterize performances.By identifying some of the critical issues in the literature regarding performance measurements, this paper contributes to the existing body of literature by adopting an environmental performance measurement approach for economic sectors. It uses economic sectors and evaluates them on a sectoral level in specific countries as well as part of the Global Value Chain based on the established multi-regional input-output (MRIO) modeling framework. The MRIO model has been used to calculate direct and indirect (that is supply chain or upstream) environmental effects such as CO2, SO2, biodiversity, water consumption and pollution to name just a few of the applications. In this paper we use MRIO analysis to calculate emissions and resource consumption intensities and footprints, direct and indirect impacts, and net emission flows between countries. These are exemplified by using carbon emissions, sulphur oxide emissions and water use in two highly polluting industries; Electricity production and Chemical industry in 33 countries, including the EU-27, Brazil, India and China, the USA, Canada and Japan from 1995 to 2009. Some of the highlights include: On average, direct carbon emissions in the electricity sector across all 27 member states of the EU was estimated to be 1368 million tons and indirect carbon emissions to be 470.7 million tons per year representing 25.6% of the EU-27 total carbon emissions related to this sector. It was also observed that from 2004, sulphur oxide emissions intensities in electricity production in-India and China have remained relatively constant at about 62.8 gSO(x)/, respectively, $ and 84.4 gSO(x)/$ although being higher than in other countries. In terms of water use, the high water use intensity in China (1040.27 L/$) and India (961.63 L/$), which are among the highest in the sector in the electricity sector is exacerbated by both countries being ranked as High Water Stress Risk countries.The paper also highlights many advantages of the MRIO approach including: a 15-year time series study (which provides a measurement of environmental performance of key industries and an opportunity to assess technical and technological change during the investigated time period), a supply chain approach that provides a consistent methodological framework and accounts for all upstream supply chain environmental impacts throughout entire global supply chains.The paper also discusses the implications of the study to environmental sustainability performance measurement in terms of the level of analysis from a value chain hierarchy perspective, methodological issues, performance indicators, environmental exchanges and policy relevance. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.