A Multi-Scale Computational Model for the Rat Ventricle: Construction, Parallelization, and Applications
A Multi-Scale Computational Model for the Rat Ventricle: Construction, Parallelization, and Applications
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cmpb.2021.106289
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发表时间：
2021-07-21
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Wei, Zhiqiang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bi, Xiangpeng;Zhang, Shugang;Wei, Zhiqiang
背景：心血管疾病是人类的头号杀手。室性心律失常是一种恶性心律失常，如果不及时治疗，通常会导致死亡。多尺度虚拟心脏通过在离子通道水平上引入丰富的实验数据，并在器官水平上分析随后的病理变化，为探索其内在机制提供了理想的工具。然而，很少有研究建立一个虚拟的心脏模型的大鼠-一个物种最广泛使用的实验。目的：建立大鼠多尺度计算模型，详细介绍模型构建、计算优化及其应用的方法。研究方法：首先，方法用于建立多尺度模型，从细胞到3-D器官水平，与处理心室心肌的异质性，几何处理，边界条件等的详细描述。接下来，为处理昂贵的计算成本的3-D模型，优化方法，包括优化表示和基于GPU的并行化方法。最后，再现一些关键现象的方法（例如，心电图，螺旋/涡卷波）。结果如下：三种类型的异质性，包括跨室壁异质性，室间异质性，和基底-心尖异质性被纳入模型。利用所建立的心室模型再现了正常和折返性兴奋波以及相应的伪心电图。此外，基于易损窗口和临界长度的评估实验，量化了折返性心律失常的时间和空间易损性。结论：所构建的多尺度大鼠心室模型能够在不同尺度上再现生理和病理现象。评估实验表明，心尖部是最易发生心律失常的区域。该模型可用于肿瘤发生机制的研究和抗肿瘤药物的筛选。(c)2021爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the top killer of human beings. The ventricular arrhythmia, as a type of malignant cardiac arrhythmias, typically leads to death if not treated within minutes. The multi-scale virtual heart provides an idealized tool for exploring the underlying mechanisms, by means of incor-porating abundant experimental data at the level of ion channels and analyzing the subsequent patholog-ical changes at organ levels. However, there are few studies on building a virtual heart model for rats-a species most widely used in experiments. Objective: To build a multi-scale computational model for rats, with detailed methodology for the model construction, computational optimization, and its applications. Methods: First, approaches for building multi-scale models ranging from cellular to 3-D organ levels are introduced, with detailed descriptions of handling the ventricular myocardium heterogeneity, geometry processing, and boundary conditions, etc. Next, for dealing with the expensive computational costs of 3-D models, optimization approaches including an optimized representation and a GPU-based parallelization method are introduced. Finally, methods for reproducing of some key phenomenon (e.g., electrocardio-graph, spiral/scroll waves) are demonstrated. Results: Three types of heterogeneity, including the transmural heterogeneity, the interventricular het-erogeneity, and the base-apex heterogeneity are incorporated into the model. The normal and reentrant excitation waves, as well as the corresponding pseudo-ECGs are reproduced by the constructed ventricle model. In addition, the temporal and spatial vulnerability to reentry arrhythmias are quantified based on the evaluation experiments of vulnerable window and the critical length. Conclusions: The constructed multi-scale rat ventricle model is able to reproduce both the physiological and the pathological phenomenon in different scales. Evaluation experiments suggest that the apex is the most susceptible area to arrhythmias. The model can be a promising tool for the investigation of arrhythmogenesis and the screening of anti-arrhythmic drugs. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.