Comparing behavioural syndromes across time and ecological conditions in a free-ranging predator
Comparing behavioural syndromes across time and ecological conditions in a free-ranging predator
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DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2020.01.009
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发表时间：
2020-04-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Krause, Jens
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dhellemmes, Felicie;Finger, Jean-Sebastien;Krause, Jens
人格特质（即行为上的一致个体差异）往往是共变的，形成行为综合征。这种关联，如果由潜在的近似机制驱动，可能会限制每种行为的独立进化。相反，行为综合征可能是在某些生态环境下选择有利于行为相关性的结果。在这种情况下，调查行为综合征的稳定性和潜在驱动因素是了解它们如何影响行为演变的基本步骤。我们评估了两个亚群的自由放养的青少年柠檬鲨，Negaprion brevirostris随时间推移的综合征稳定性。我们测量了两种行为，在一个开放的领域和社交在一组，超过5年的探索。我们测试了这些行为是否与行为综合征有关，这种综合征有多稳定，以及它的强度是否由该系统中的生态条件预测：捕食者丰度，少年存活率，新生儿招募和总亚群大小。我们发现，行为综合征只在食肉鲨鱼丰度较高的亚群中观察到。多年来，新生儿招募是该综合征强度的主要驱动力。在低招募的年份，由于加入人口的新生儿较少，亚群可能经历了较低的竞争。在这些年里，更具探索性的鲨鱼也较少社交。这些结果表明，我们测试的行为是可塑的，对生态条件有反应。由于这可能意味着它们只在某些生态条件下受到青睐，因此我们认为在这种情况下，两种行为特征的相关性是适应性的。(C)2020动物行为研究协会。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
Personality traits (i.e. consistent individual differences in behaviour) often covary, forming behavioural syndromes. Such associations, if driven by an underlying proximate mechanism, could limit the independent evolution of each behaviour. In contrast, a behavioural syndrome may be the result of selection favouring the behavioural correlation under certain ecological circumstances. In this context, investigating the stability and the potential drivers of behavioural syndromes is a fundamental step towards understanding how they might shape the evolution of behaviours. We assessed syndrome stability across time in two subpopulations of free-ranging juvenile lemon sharks, Negaprion brevirostris. We measured two behaviours, exploration in an open field and sociability in a group, over 5 years. We tested whether these behaviours were associated in a behavioural syndrome, how stable this syndrome was and whether its strength was predicted by ecological conditions in this system: predator abundance, juvenile survival, newborn recruitment and total subpopulation size. We found that a behavioural syndrome was only observed in the subpopulation where predatory shark abundance was higher. Across years, newborn recruitment was the main driver for the strength of the syndrome. During years of low recruitment, the subpopulations probably experienced lower competition due to fewer newborns joining the population. In these years, sharks that were more explorative were also less social. These results indicate that the behaviours we tested were plastic and responsive to ecological conditions. Since this could signify that they are only favoured under certain ecological conditions, we argue in this case that the correlation of two behavioural traits is adaptive. (C) 2020 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.