Glycoprotein hormone in the pituitary of hagfish and its evolutionary implications
Glycoprotein hormone in the pituitary of hagfish and its evolutionary implications
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盲鳗垂体中的糖蛋白激素及其进化意义
DOI：
10.1007/s10695-012-9657-6
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Nozaki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Uchida;S. Moriyama;S. SowerA.;M. Nozaki
脑下垂体存在于所有脊椎动物中，从无颌脊椎动物到哺乳动物，但不存在于无脊椎动物中。颌口动物的生殖是由两种垂体促性腺激素（GTHs），促黄体生成素和促卵泡激素控制的，这两种激素是垂体糖蛋白激素（GPH）家族的一部分。盲鳗既没有颌也没有椎骨，被认为是已知的最原始的脊椎动物，无论是现存的还是灭绝的。因此，它们对于理解垂体GPHs的进化及其与脊椎动物生殖相关的功能具有特别重要的意义。然而，盲鳗生殖内分泌系统的关键因素尚未阐明。我们目前的报告揭示了首次鉴定功能性GPH由两个亚基组成，在褐盲鳗的垂体中具有促性腺作用。似乎最有可能的是，一个祖先的GPH在盲鳗的垂体中只产生了一个GTH，而在啮齿动物的早期进化过程中，GPH的多样性出现了。本文从进化的角度综述了盲鳗GPH的最新研究成果。
The pituitary gland is present in all vertebrates, from agnathans (jawless vertebrates) to mammals, but not in invertebrates. Reproduction in gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates) is controlled by two pituitary gonadotropins (GTHs), luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone, which are part of the pituitary glycoprotein hormone (GPH) family. Hagfishes, which lack both jaws and vertebrae, are considered the most primitive vertebrate known, living or extinct. Accordingly, they are of particular importance in understanding the evolution of the pituitary GPHs and their functions related to vertebrate reproduction. Nevertheless, key elements of the reproductive endocrine system in hagfish have yet to be elucidated. Our current report has revealed the first identification of a functional GPH composed of two subunits that possess gonadotropic action at the pituitary of brown hagfish. It seems most likely that an ancestral GPH gave rise to only one GTH in hagfish pituitary and that multiplicity of GPHs arose later during the early evolution of gnathostomes. This paper briefly summarizes the latest findings on the hagfish GPH from an evolutionary point of view.