Interventions to promote physical activity and dietary lifestyle changes for cardiovascular risk factor reduction in adults: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association.
Interventions to promote physical activity and dietary lifestyle changes for cardiovascular risk factor reduction in adults: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1161/cir.0b013e3181e8edf1
复制
发表时间：
2010-07-27
期刊：
影响因子：
37.8
通讯作者：
American Heart Association Prevention Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular Nursing
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Artinian NT;Fletcher GF;Mozaffarian D;Kris-Etherton P;Van Horn L;Lichtenstein AH;Kumanyika S;Kraus WE;Fleg JL;Redeker NS;Meininger JC;Banks J;Stuart-Shor EM;Fletcher BJ;Miller TD;Hughes S;Braun LT;Kopin LA;Berra K;Hayman LL;Ewing LJ;Ades PA;Durstine JL;Houston-Miller N;Burke LE;American Heart Association Prevention Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular Nursing
大约79400000美国成年人，或1/3，有心血管疾病（CVD）。CVD占美国死亡人数的36.3%，即每2.8人中就有1人死亡，是美国男性和女性的主要死亡原因，平均每37秒就有1名美国人死亡。1老年人、一些少数民族人群和社会经济弱势个体的心血管疾病和血管/代谢风险因素（如高血压、血脂异常和糖尿病）患病率增加;更可能有2种风险因素;久坐、超重或肥胖以及不健康饮食习惯的风险增加。2-10黑人和西班牙裔移民最初患血管/代谢危险因素和CVD的风险低于美国出生的黑人和西班牙裔个体，但随着他们适应美国的饮食和活动习惯，血管/代谢危险因素的患病率增加。这些问题都强调了干预措施对促进所有美国成年人的身体活动和健康饮食的重要性。即使是适度持续的生活方式改变也可以大大降低CVD的发病率和死亡率。由于生活方式改变的许多有益影响随着时间的推移而积累，因此长期坚持可以最大限度地提高个人和群体的利益。针对饮食模式、减肥和新的PA习惯的干预措施通常会导致令人印象深刻的初始行为改变率，但通常不会转化为长期行为维持。4采用和维持新的降低心血管风险的行为对许多人构成挑战。美国心脏协会尽一切努力避免由于外部关系或写作小组成员的个人，专业或商业利益而可能产生的任何实际或潜在的利益冲突。具体而言，要求编写小组的所有成员填写并提交一份披露问卷，显示可能被视为真实的或潜在利益冲突的所有此类关系。本声明于2010年5月4日由美国心脏协会科学咨询和协调委员会批准。该声明的副本可在http：//www.美国心脏。org/presenter. jhtml中的一个？通过选择“主题列表”链接或“时间顺序列表”链接（编号KB-0043），可访问标识符3003999。要购买更多的重印，请致电843-216-2533或电子邮件kelle。@ wolterskluwer. com.美国心脏协会要求引用本文件如下：Artinian NT，弗莱彻GF，Mozaffarian D，Kris-Etherton P，范霍恩L，Lichelman AH，Kumanyika S，Kraus WE，Fleg JL，Redeker NS，Meininger JC，Banks J，Stuart-Shor EM，弗莱彻BJ，米勒TD，Hughes S，Braun LT，Kopin LA，贝拉K，Hayman LL，Ewing LJ，Ades PA，Durstine L，Houston-米勒N，Burke LE;代表美国心脏协会心血管护理理事会预防委员会。促进体力活动和饮食生活方式改变以降低成人心血管风险因素的干预措施：美国心脏协会的科学声明流通2010; 122：406-441. AHA科学声明的专家同行评审在AHA国家中心进行。有关AHA声明和指南制定的更多信息，请访问http：//www.美国心脏。org/presenter. jhtml中的一个？标识符3023366。
Approximately 79 400 000 American adults, or 1 in 3, have cardiovascular disease (CVD). 1 CVD accounts for 36.3% or 1 of every 2.8 deaths in the United States and is the leading cause of death among both men and women in the United States, killing an average of 1 American every 37 seconds. 1 Older adults, some ethnic minority populations, and socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals have an increased prevalence of CVD and vascular/metabolic risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes; are more likely to have 2 risk factors; and are at increased risk of being sedentary, overweight or obese, and having unhealthy dietary habits. 2–10 Black and Hispanic immigrants are initially at lower risk for vascular/metabolic risk factors and CVD than US-born black and Hispanic individuals, 2 but as they adapt to the diet and activity habits of this country, the prevalence of vascular/metabolic risk factors increases. 3 Each of these issues emphasizes the importance of interventions to promote physical activity (PA) and healthy diets in all American adults. Even modest sustained lifestyle changes can substantially reduce CVD morbidity and mortality. Because many of the beneficial effects of lifestyle changes accrue over time, long-term adherence maximizes individual and population benefits. Interventions targeting dietary patterns, weight reduction, and new PA habits often result in impressive rates of initial behavior changes, but frequently are not translated into long-term behavioral maintenance. 4 Both adoption and maintenance of new cardiovascular risk-reducing behaviors pose challenges for many individuals. According to the National Center for Health Statistics, life expectancy could increase byThe American Heart Association makes every effort to avoid any actual or potential conflicts of interest that may arise as a result of an outside relationship or a personal, professional, or business interest of a member of the writing panel. Specifically, all members of the writing group are required to complete and submit a Disclosure Questionnaire showing all such relationships that might be perceived as real or potential conflicts of interest. This statement was approved by the American Heart Association Science Advisory and Coordinating Committee on May 4, 2010. A copy of the statement is available at http://www. americanheart. org/presenter. jhtml? identifier3003999 by selecting either the “topic list” link or the “chronological list” link (No. KB-0043). To purchase additional reprints, call 843-216-2533 or e-mail kelle. ramsay@ wolterskluwer. com. The American Heart Association requests that this document be cited as follows: Artinian NT, Fletcher GF, Mozaffarian D, Kris-Etherton P, Van Horn L, Lichtenstein AH, Kumanyika S, Kraus WE, Fleg JL, Redeker NS, Meininger JC, Banks J, Stuart-Shor EM, Fletcher BJ, Miller TD, Hughes S, Braun LT, Kopin LA, Berra K, Hayman LL, Ewing LJ, Ades PA, Durstine L, Houston-Miller N, Burke LE; on behalf of the American Heart Association Prevention Committee of the Council on Cardiovascular Nursing. Interventions to promote physical activity and dietary lifestyle changes for cardiovascular risk factor reduction in adults: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2010; 122: 406–441. Expert peer review of AHA Scientific Statements is conducted at the AHA National Center. For more on AHA statements and guidelines development, visit http://www. americanheart. org/presenter. jhtml? identifier3023366.