Evolution of the average avalanche shape with the universality class.

Evolution of the average avalanche shape with the universality class.
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DOI:
10.1038/ncomms3927
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发表时间:
2013
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
Alava, Mikko J.
Alava, Mikko J.
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Laurson, Lasse;Illa, Xavier;Santucci, Stephane;Tallakstad, Ken Tore;Maloy, Knut Jorgen;Alava, Mikko J.

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A multitude of systems ranging from the Barkhausen effect in ferromagnetic materials to plastic deformation and earthquakes respond to slow external driving by exhibiting intermittent, scale-free avalanche dynamics or crackling noise. The avalanches are power-law distributed in size, and have a typical average shape: these are the two most important signatures of avalanching systems. Here we show how the average avalanche shape evolves with the universality class of the avalanche dynamics by employing a combination of scaling theory, extensive numerical simulations and data from crack propagation experiments. It follows a simple scaling form parameterized by two numbers, the scaling exponent relating the average avalanche size to its duration and a parameter characterizing the temporal asymmetry of the avalanches. The latter reflects a broken time-reversal symmetry in the avalanche dynamics, emerging from the local nature of the interaction kernel mediating the avalanche dynamics. The processes of earthquakes and plastic deformation are examples of systems which respond to slow external forces by avalanche dynamics. Here, the authors show how a fundamental fingerprint of such dynamics - the average shape of the avalanches - evolves with its universality class.
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