Youth Engagement in Agriculture in Uganda: Challenges and Prospects
Youth Engagement in Agriculture in Uganda: Challenges and Prospects
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乌干达青年参与农业：挑战与前景
DOI：
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Lwanga
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gemma Ahaibwe;S. Mbowa;M. Lwanga
乌干达人口在很大程度上是由一大批不断增加的年轻人组成的，近78%的人口年龄在30岁以下。有证据表明，在青年失业率上升的情况下，青年对农业的参与度正在下降，然而，尽管服务业和工业部门以相当快的速度增长，但并没有为新兴的青年劳动力创造足够的就业机会。这可能会对粮食安全、失业和就业不足产生影响，并可能破坏政府通过农业推动经济增长的努力。利用2005/6年度和2009/10年度乌干达国家专家小组调查数据，我们审查了不同部门的青年就业动态，并进一步深入了解青年参与农业的决定因素。利用乌干达2008/09年农业普查，我们进一步记录了相对于成年人而言，青年在农业生产方面所固有的挑战和制约。调查结果显示，年轻农民更专注于农业生产。此外，使用改良投入(如改良种子、化肥、农用化学品和兽药)的青年比例相对较低。由于采用适当投入的比率很低，生产率可能会保持在低水平，并限制年轻人从事自给自足的农业。此外，青年被剥夺了拥有和管理农业生产中的关键资产，特别是土地的权利。土地保有权问题继续阻碍许多青年从事农业，大多数青年在没有专有所有权的情况下使用土地。此外，调查结果表明，青年不太可能获得信贷、推广服务和社会资本(农民群体成员)，这些都是农业转型的关键因素。深入的分析结果似乎表明，至少受过中学教育的青年、男性(已婚和未婚)以及居住在成年人占很大比例的家庭中的青年从事农业的可能性较小。
The Ugandan population is to a large extent comprised of a high and increasing cohort of young people, close to 78 percent of the population is below the age of thirty. Evidence reveals that youth engagement in agriculture is declining amidst rising youth unemployment yet the services and industrial sectors despite growing at considerably faster rates have not created enough jobs for the burgeoning youthful labour force. This may have implications on food security, unemployment, and underemployment and may undermine the government efforts to drive economic growth through agriculture. Using data from the Uganda National Panel Survey data of 2005/6 and 2009/10, we examine youth employment dynamics across the different sectors and further provide insights into the determinants of youth participation in agriculture. Using the Uganda Census of Agriculture 2008/09, we further document the challenges and constraints inherent to the youth in agricultural production relative to adults. The findings reveal that youthful farmers are concentrated more in agricultural production. Furthermore, a relatively lower percentage of youth use improved inputs (such as improved seeds, fertilizers, agricultural chemicals and veterinary drugs). With this poor rate of adoption of appropriate inputs, productivity is likely to remain low and constrain the youth to subsistence farming. Furthermore, the youth are disenfranchised in the ownership and management of critical assets in agricultural production, especially land. Land tenure issues continue to impede many youths from engaging in agriculture, with the majority of youth using land without exclusive ownership rights. In addition, the results point to the fact that the youth are less likely to access credit, extension services and social capital (farmer group membership), all key factors in agricultural transformation. The in-depth analysis results seem to suggest that the youth with at least secondary education, males (both married and unmarried) and those youth residing in households with a large share of adults are less likely to engage in agriculture.
日韩企业数字家电的全球竞争（一）
DOI：
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
現代コリア 第462号
影响因子：
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作者：
古川一郎;上原渉;Kaoru Sugihara;坂野友昭(with Kevin E. Voss et al.);田中道雄;林廣茂;Takashi Oishi;田中 道雄;高井透;田中道雄;林廣茂
通讯作者：
林廣茂