Using satellite AIS to improve our understanding of shipping and fill gaps in ocean observation data to support marine spatial planning
Using satellite AIS to improve our understanding of shipping and fill gaps in ocean observation data to support marine spatial planning
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DOI：
10.1111/1365-2664.13139
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发表时间：
2018-07-01
影响因子：
5.7
通讯作者：
Godley, Brendan J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Metcalfe, Kristian;Breheret, Nathalie;Godley, Brendan J.
1.海洋空间规划的一个关键阶段是绘制生态过程和生物特征的空间分布图以及不同用户群体的社会和经济利益。一个部门，商船然而，由于缺乏支持决策过程的精细尺度空间明确数据，MSP中的船舶（运输货物或乘客的船舶）往往代表性较差。2.此处，以刚果共和国为例，我们展示了公众可访问的卫星自动识别系统（S-AIS）数据如何解决国家范围内航运海洋观测数据的缺口。我们还演示了如何从S-AIS（强度，占用）派生的细尺度（0.05 km（2）分辨率）空间数据层可以用来生成船舶压力地图，以提供对海洋环境的影响模式的指示，并与其他海洋用户组的潜在冲突。我们发现，客船，近海服务船，散货船和货船和油轮占93.7%的所有船舶和船舶交通，每年，这些部门在一个相当于92%的刚果的专属经济区，远远超过其他用户群体（保护，渔业和石化）分配的区域的组合面积。我们还表明，浅水沿海沃茨和栖息地的大陆架受到更持久的压力与航运，用户群体之间的冲突的可能性可能会更大的渔业，其区域受到最高的船舶压力得分比保护或石化部门。合成与应用。航运在海洋使用中占主导地位，因此，将这一部门排除在决策之外可能导致用户群体之间的冲突加剧、遵守情况不佳和对环境产生负面影响。这项研究展示了卫星自动识别系统数据如何提供一个全面的机制，以填补海洋观测数据的空白，并可视化船舶行为和潜在威胁的模式，以更好地支持国家规模的海洋空间规划。
1. A key stage underpinning marine spatial planning (MSP) involves mapping the spatial distribution of ecological processes and biological features as well the social and economic interests of different user groups. One sector, merchant shipping (vessels that transport cargo or passengers), however, is often poorly represented in MSP due to a perceived lack of fine-scale spatially explicit data to support decision-making processes.2.Here, using the Republic of Congo as an example, we show how publicly accessible satellite-derived automatic identification system (S-AIS) data can address gaps in ocean observation data for shipping at a national scale. We also demonstrate how fine-scale (0.05 km(2) resolution) spatial data layers derived from S-AIS (intensity, occupancy) can be used to generate maps of vessel pressure to provide an indication of patterns of impact on the marine environment and potential for conflict with other ocean user-groups.3. We reveal that passenger vessels, offshore service vessels, bulk carrier and cargo vessels and tankers account for 93.7% of all vessels and vessel traffic annually, and that these sectors operate in a combined area equivalent to 92% of Congo's exclusive economic zone-far exceeding the areas allocated for other user groups (conservation, fisheries and petrochemicals). We also show that the shallow coastal waters and habitats of the continental shelf are subject to more persistent pressure associated with shipping, and that the potential for conflict among user groups is likely to be greater with fisheries, whose zones are subject to the highest vessel pressure scores than with conservation or petrochemical sectors.4. Synthesis and applications. Shipping dominates ocean use, and so excluding this sector from decision-making could lead to increased conflict among user groups, poor compliance and negative environmental impacts. This study demonstrates how satellite-derived Automatic Identification System data can provide a comprehensive mechanism to fill gaps in ocean observation data and visualise patterns of vessel behaviour and potential threats to better support marine spatial planning at national scales.