A Daily Measure of Positive and Negative Alcohol Expectancies and Evaluations: Documenting a Two-Factor Structure and Within- and Between-Person Variability
A Daily Measure of Positive and Negative Alcohol Expectancies and Evaluations: Documenting a Two-Factor Structure and Within- and Between-Person Variability
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DOI：
10.15288/jsad.2015.76.326
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发表时间：
2015-03-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Leigh, Barbara C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lee, Christine M.;Atkins, David C.;Leigh, Barbara C.
目的：尽管酒精结果预期在预测酒精使用和相关后果方面具有文献记载的重要性，但很少有研究探讨预期的个人变异性。本文详细介绍了专门为日常评估设计的酒精期望测量的结构和心理测量学分析。方法：我们开发了一个包含15个项目的工具来测量因饮酒而经历各种结果的可能性，以及对这些结果的主观评估。大学生（N = 352，平均年龄= 19.7岁，SD = 1.26, 53.4%为女性）参加了一项为期一年的研究，他们在每个学期通过手机每天完成三次计算机化访谈，为期两周。采用多水平探索性因子分析检验人与人之间和人与人内部水平的维度，并计算归纳系数以建立信度。结果：类内相关系数一般为。30和。40，展示了人与人之间和人与人之间的可变性。探索性因子分析结果为酒精的正面和负面影响的双因子解决方案，并从最终量表中删除了两个模棱两可的负荷项目。两个子量表在人内和人之间的水平上显示出优异的信度，并且该测量与常用的期望测量显示出良好的收敛效度和判别效度。结论：饮酒者对酒精的影响有很多期望，需要设计一些措施来捕捉这些信念的稳定和情境依赖方面。结果表明，酒精预期的强度和评估每天都有显著的变化，并且该量表显示出良好的心理测量特性，确定了其在酒精使用的日常过程研究中的适用性。
Objective: Despite the documented importance of alcohol outcome expectancies in predicting alcohol use and related consequences, little research has explored within-person variability in expectancies. This article details the construction and psychometric analysis of a measure of alcohol expectancies specifically designed for daily assessment. Method: We developed a 15-item instrument to measure the likelihood of experiencing various outcomes from drinking, as well as the subjective evaluation of these outcomes. College students (N = 352; mean age = 19.7 years, SD = 1.26; 53.4% female) participated in a yearlong study wherein they completed three computerized interviews daily via mobile phones for 2 weeks in each academic quarter. Multilevel exploratory factor analysis was used to examine dimensionality at between-person and within-person levels, and generalizability coefficients were calculated to establish reliability. Results: Intraclass correlation coefficients were generally between .30 and .40, demonstrating both between-person and within-person variability. Exploratory factor analysis resulted in a two-factor solution of positive and negative effects of alcohol, and two items with equivocal loadings were dropped from the final scale. The two subscales showed excellent reliabilities at within- and between- person levels, and the measure demonstrated good convergent and discriminant validity with a commonly used expectancy measure. Conclusions: Drinkers hold many expectations about the effects of alcohol, and measures are needed that are designed to capture both stable and context-dependent aspects of these beliefs. Results demonstrated significant day-to-day variation in the strength and valuation of alcohol expectancies, and the scale demonstrated good psychometric properties that establish its appropriateness for use in daily process studies of alcohol use.