Species concepts and species delimitation
Species concepts and species delimitation
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DOI：
10.1080/10635150701701083
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发表时间：
2007-12-01
影响因子：
6.5
通讯作者：
De Queiroz, Kevin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
De Queiroz, Kevin
长期以来，物种的界定问题一直与物种的概念化问题相混淆，导致了半个世纪来关于物种类别的定义以及推断物种边界和数量的方法的争论。其他物种概念同意将存在作为一个单独进化的集合种群谱系作为物种类别的主要定义属性，但他们不同意采用不同的属性，这些属性是在分歧过程中由谱系获得的（例如，内在生殖隔离、可诊断性、单系性）作为次级定义属性（次级物种标准）。通过将存在视为单独进化的集合种群谱系作为物种的唯一必要属性，并将以前的次要物种标准视为与评估谱系分离相关的不同证据（操作标准），可以实现统一的物种概念。这种统一的物种概念对物种界定有几个后果，包括：第一，物种概念化和物种界定的问题被明确分开;以前的次要物种标准不再被认为与物种概念化有关，而只与物种界定有关。第二，以前作为次要物种标准处理的所有属性都与物种划界有关，因为它们提供了谱系分离的证据。第三，任何一种性质的存在（如果解释得当）都是物种存在的证据，尽管更多的性质和更多的证据与更高程度的确证有关。第四，也许是最重要的，一个统一的物种概念将重点从传统的物种标准转移，鼓励生物学家开发新的物种划界方法，而不依赖于这些属性。
The issue of species delimitation has long been confused with that of species conceptualization, leading to a half century of controversy concerning both the definition of the species category and methods for inferring the boundaries and numbers of species. Alternative species concepts agree in treating existence as a separately evolving metapopulation lineage as the primary defining property of the species category, but they disagree in adopting different properties acquired by lineages during the course of divergence (e.g., intrinsic reproductive isolation, diagnosability, monophyly) as secondary defining properties (secondary species criteria). A unified species concept can be achieved by treating existence as a separately evolving metapopulation lineage as the only necessary property of species and the former secondary species criteria as different lines of evidence (operational criteria) relevant to assessing lineage separation. This unified concept of species has several consequences for species delimitation, including the following: First, the issues of species conceptualization and species delimitation are clearly separated; the former secondary species criteria are no longer considered relevant to species conceptualization but only to species delimitation. Second, all of the properties formerly treated as secondary species criteria are relevant to species delimitation to the extent that they provide evidence of lineage separation. Third, the presence of any one of the properties (if appropriately interpreted) is evidence for the existence of a species, though more properties and thus more lines of evidence are associated with a higher degree of corroboration. Fourth, and perhaps most significantly, a unified species concept shifts emphasis away from the traditional species criteria, encouraging biologists to develop new methods of species delimitation that are not tied to those properties.