Review: electrophysiology of basal ganglia and cortex in models of Parkinson disease.
Review: electrophysiology of basal ganglia and cortex in models of Parkinson disease.
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DOI：
10.3233/jpd-130204
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发表时间：
2013-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Leventhal DK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ellens DJ;Leventhal DK
对帕金森病 (PD) 系统级病理生理学的不完全了解仍然是改善其治疗的重大障碍。然而，由于选择性靶向单胺能（特别是多巴胺能）神经元的神经毒素的出现，已经取得了实质性进展。这篇综述讨论了多巴胺消耗损伤后基底神经节（BG）、丘脑和皮质区域的体内电生理学。这些包括放电率变化、神经元突发放电、神经元振荡和神经元同步，这些是由局部微观解剖变化和网络级相互作用共同产生的。尽管人们对多巴胺丢失的临床和电生理现象学了解很多，但我们对 PD 病理生理学概念的一个关键差距是它们之间的联系。我们讨论这些系统级电生理变化可能出现的潜在机制，以及它们与临床帕金森症的关系。回顾了对 BG 功能的最新理解的建议，重点是新兴框架将如何指导未来帕金森病病理生理学和治疗的研究。
Incomplete understanding of the systems-level pathophysiology of Parkinson Disease (PD) remains a significant barrier to improving its treatment. Substantial progress has been made, however, due to the availability of neurotoxins that selectively target monoaminergic (in particular, dopaminergic) neurons. This review discusses the in vivo electrophysiology of basal ganglia (BG), thalamic, and cortical regions after dopamine-depleting lesions. These include firing rate changes, neuronal burst-firing, neuronal oscillations, and neuronal synchrony that result from a combination of local microanatomic changes and network-level interactions. While much is known of the clinical and electrophysiological phenomenology of dopamine loss, a critical gap in our conception of PD pathophysiology is the link between them. We discuss potential mechanisms by which these systems-level electrophysiological changes may emerge, as well as how they may relate to clinical parkinsonism. Proposals for an updated understanding of BG function are reviewed, with an emphasis on how emerging frameworks will guide future research into the pathophysiology and treatment of PD.