The carbon footprint of food consumption in Beijing
The carbon footprint of food consumption in Beijing
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DOI：
10.5846/stxb201101140074
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
吴艳 Wu Yan;王效科 Wang Xiaoke;逯非 Lu Fei
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
吴艳 Wu Yan;王效科 Wang Xiaoke;逯非 Lu Fei
碳足迹是一种评价碳排放的有效方法，旨在衡量人类活动对一种产品或活动的整个生命周期内大气环境和气候变化的影响。随着城市化进程的加快，城市居民在环境变化中的作用越来越大，同时，消费是城市地区环境污染的主要驱动因素之一。人们认识到，不可持续的消费模式是全球环境持续恶化的主要原因，食品是城市日常生活中最重要的消费品，其碳足迹反映了整个城市食品供应的碳排放量及其对气候变化的贡献。基于碳足迹的理论和模型，运用生命周期分析（LCA）方法，根据北京市的实际情况和粮食供应规划，计算和分析了北京市粮食消费的碳足迹，结果表明，北京市粮食消费的总碳足迹为4.768× 106 t，约占北京市总碳足迹的6%，相当于310.0kg/cap，占居民消费碳排放总量的23.3%。仅占北京市二氧化碳排放总量的5.96%。这反映出食品消费对环境、碳排放和气候变化的影响有限。北京要实现6%以上的减碳目标，仅靠食品消费领域的措施是不够的。食品消费碳足迹最主要的部分来自粮食，第二部分是水果和蔬菜，这两部分占食品消费碳足迹的65%以上，食品消费碳排放的最主要过程是食品的加工和烹饪，这两个过程消耗了大部分家庭能源，导致近60%造成这种现象的一个重要原因是，这一过程直接涉及能源使用，能源使用是导致碳排放的最重要行为。其中，化肥和农药的使用占总碳足迹的23.23%，生产和运输也是重要的碳足迹来源，分别占总碳足迹的8.35%和6.98%，减少食品加工和烹饪过程中的碳排放是减少食品消费碳排放的有效途径，如果不使用化学品，化肥和农药，促进生态农业通过对北京市的碳排放量进行分析，发现无论是在粮食生产中采用有机农业还是提高利用率，北京市每年都可以减少1.351× 106 tCO 2，即人均每年减少87.84kgCO2，是北京市碳减排的有效途径，并将改进后的方法与全国平均水平进行了比较，结果表明，北京市的碳排放量与全国平均水平相比，有较大的差异。结果表明，北京市居民消费的其他部分，如交通，生活消费和能源消费对碳足迹的贡献较大，因此，还需要对居民家庭其他消费进行进一步的研究，以便对居民家庭其他消费的碳足迹有一个全面的认识。居民的碳足迹。
Carbon footprint has become an effective method for assessing carbon emission,aiming at measuring the influence of atmosphere environment and climate change caused by human activities across the whole life cycle of a product or an activity.With rapid urbanization,residents in cities are playing increasingly important roles in the alteration of environment.Meanwhile,consumption is one of the remarkable drivers of environmental pollution in city areas.With the perception that unsustainable consumption patterns are the major cause of the continued deterioration of the global environment,environmental concerns move to household sectors and related lifecycle activities.Food is the most important consumable of daily household life.The carbon footprint of food shows the carbon emission of the food provisions for the whole city and the contributions to the climate change.Based on the theory and model of carbon footprint,and using the life cycle analysis(LCA),we calculate and analyze the carbon footprint of food consumption according to the reality of Beijing city and the food supply plan.The result shows that the total carbon footprint of food consumption is 4.768×106t,about 6% of the total carbon footprint of Beijing,corresponding to 310.0kg/cap,and accounting for 23.3% of the total emission of household consumption,which is only 5.96% of the total carbon dioxide emission in Beijing.This reflects the limited impact of food consumption on the environment,carbon emission,and climate change.If Beijing wants to achieve a goal of carbon reduction of more than 6%,it is not sufficient to take measures in the field of food consumption alone.The most important part of food consumption carbon footprint is from grain,and the second part is from fruits and vegetables.These two parts account for more than 65% of carbon footprint of food consumption.The most important process of food consumption carbon emission is from reprocessing and cooking of foods,which consume most of household energy,and result in almost 60% of the total carbon emission.One important reason for this phenomenon is that this process directly refers to energy using which serves as the most important action leading to carbon emission.The second important process is usage of chemical fertilizers and pesticides,which shares 23.23% of total food carbon footprint.Production and transportation are also important processes,which account for 8.35% and 6.98% of the total food consumption carbon footprint,respectively.Reduction of carbon emission in food reprocessing and cooking is the available process to reduce carbon emission from food consumption.And if we don′t use chemical fertilizers and pesticides and promote ecological agriculture(or organic agriculture) in our food production or improve the used-rate,we can reduce 1.351×106t CO2 every year in Beijing,that is 87.84 kg CO2 per capita per year.It is quite an efficient way to reduce carbon emission of Beijing city.We also compared the results of our improved method with the national average datum,and found that there are some reasonable differences attributed to the calculation method and parameters such as cropland area.The results also show that other parts of Beijing residents′ consumption such as transportation,daily commodities and energy use have great contributions to carbon footprint.So further research need to be carried out on residents′ other kinds of consumption in households to make an overview of total carbon footprint of residents.