In Situ, Rotor-Based Drone Measurement of Wind Vector and Aerosol Concentration in Volcanic Areas
In Situ, Rotor-Based Drone Measurement of Wind Vector and Aerosol Concentration in Volcanic Areas
复制标题
DOI：
10.3390/atmos12030376
复制
发表时间：
2021-03
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
K. Sasaki;M. Inoue;T. Shimura;M. Iguchi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. Sasaki;M. Inoue;T. Shimura;M. Iguchi
以旋翼无人机为代表的无人机具有机动性好、安全性高等优点，适合用于火山观测。在这项研究中，风和气溶胶浓度在海拔1000米附近的垂直分布。日本最活跃的火山之一樱岛火山使用配备超声波风速计和气溶胶传感器的无人机进行了现场测量。无人机测量的风廓线与多普勒激光雷达数据和来自气象模式的分析值进行了比较。在垂直速度为1 m·S−1(向上和向下)下收集的无人机测量的垂直剖面与激光雷达观测结果以及悬停无人机测量的平均值都显示出很好的一致性。无人机在山体附近发现了明显的垂直风切变。樱岛。无人机上安装了气溶胶传感器，能够同时测量细颗粒物(PM2.5)和粗颗粒物(PM10)；通过这种方式，可以区分火山周围的火山灰和气溶胶污染物。因此，无人机被证明可用于就地调查风况和气溶胶，即使在活火山附近的危险地点也是如此。
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), represented by rotor-based drones, are suitable for volcanic observations owing to the advantages of mobility and safety. In this study, vertical profiles of wind and aerosol concentrations at altitudes up to 1000 m around Mt. Sakurajima, one of the most active volcanoes in Japan, were measured in situ using a drone equipped with an ultrasonic anemometer and aerosol sensor. The drone-measured wind profiles were compared with Doppler LiDAR data and analysis values derived from a meteorological model. Drone-measured vertical profiles collected at a vertical speed of 1 m·s−1 (upward and downward) showed strong agreement with the LiDAR observations, as did the averaged values of hovering drone measurements. Obvious vertical wind shear was found by the drone in the vicinity of Mt. Sakurajima. An aerosol sensor was installed on the drone with the capability to measure fine (PM2.5) and coarse particles (PM10) simultaneously; in this manner, volcanic ash and aerosol pollutants around the volcano could be distinguished. Thus, it was proven that drones could be applied to investigate wind conditions and aerosols in situ, even at dangerous locations near active volcanoes.