A case for interstitial cells of Cajal as pacemakers and mediators of neurotransmission in the gastrointestinal tract
A case for interstitial cells of Cajal as pacemakers and mediators of neurotransmission in the gastrointestinal tract
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DOI：
10.1053/gast.1996.v111.pm8690216
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发表时间：
1996-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
29.4
通讯作者：
Sanders, KM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sanders, KM
胃肠道肌电节律的研究已有世纪的历史，但驱动这一现象的起搏器一直是难以捉摸的。解剖学研究表明，Cajal间质细胞（interstitial cell of Cajal，ICC）可能是电活动的起搏器和导体。ICC还可以介导来自肠神经元的神经传递。对电算中心的功能评价包括以下内容。(1)在离体肌条上的电生理实验表明慢波起源于特定的部位，这些起搏区由ICC网络组成，这些ICC网络与平滑肌细胞形成间隙连接，起搏区的去除干扰慢波的产生和传播。(2)（3）孤立的ICC具有自发性活动，并表达多种电压依赖性离子通道，包括低阈值Ca ~（2+）电导。(4)ICC由肠神经元支配，并且它们对神经递质作出反应。ICC可产生一氧化氮并增强抑制性神经传递。(5)某些类型的ICC不能在c-kit或干细胞因子（c-Kit受体的配体）突变的动物中发育。没有ICC，电慢波就不存在。关于ICC的功能仍然存在许多问题，但现代技术现在应该有助于确定这些细胞在正常生理和病理条件下的作用。
Electrical rhythmicity in gastrointestinal muscles has been studied for a century, but the pacemakers driving this phenomenon have been elusive, Anatomic studies suggest that interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) may be pacemakers and conductors of electrical activity. ICC may also mediate neurotransmission from enteric neurons. Functional evaluations of ICC include the following. (1) Electrophysiology experiments on dissected muscle strips show that slow waves originate from specific sites, These pacemaker areas are populated by networks of ICC that make gap junctions with smooth muscle cells, Removal of pacemaker regions interferes with slow wave generation and propagation. (2) Chemicals that label ICC histochemically can damage ICC and abolish rhythmicity, (3) Isolated ICC are spontaneously active, and several voltage-dependent ion channels, including a low-threshold Ca2+ conductance, ave expressed. (4) ICC are innervated by enteric neurons, and they respond to neurotransmitters. ICC may produce nitric oxide and amplify inhibitory neurotransmission. (5) Some classes of ICC fail to develop in animals with mutations in c-kit or stem cell factor, the ligand for c-Kit receptors. Without ICC, electrical slow waves are absent. Many questions remain about the function of ICC, but modern technologies should now facilitate vapid progress toward determining the role of these cells in normal physiology and pathological conditions.