The Legacy of War: Conceptualizing a ‘Culture of Violence’ to Explain Violence after Peace Accords
The Legacy of War: Conceptualizing a ‘Culture of Violence’ to Explain Violence after Peace Accords
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战争的遗产：构建“暴力文化”概念来解释和平协议后的暴力
DOI：
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发表时间：
2005
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Steenkamp
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Steenkamp
关于和平协定令人不安的事实是，它们往往不会导致真正减少刚刚摆脱种族-民族暴力冲突的社会中的暴力。这篇论文提出的问题是，为什么社区中的高水平暴力行为，如犯罪和义勇军，往往在后协议社会中持续存在。它认为，旷日持久的暴力冲突时期催生了“暴力文化”，这创造了一种社会宽容的环境，在这种环境中，即使在签署了和平协议和暴力政治冲突结束之后，暴力也可以继续下去。提出了一个概念性框架，描绘了可能导致这种暴力文化的国内暴力冲突的动态。该框架确定了在国际、国家、集体和个人各级造成和维持协议后社会暴力文化的因素。列举了最近经历暴力内部冲突的英联邦成员国的例子来说明这一框架。
The uncomfortable truth about peace accords is that they often do not lead to a real reduction of violence in societies emerging from violent ethno-national conflict. This paper asks why high levels of violence in the community, such as crime and vigilantism, often persist in post-accord societies. It argues that the period of protracted violent conflict has given rise to a ‘culture of violence’, which creates a socially permissive environment within which violence can continue even after peace accords have been signed and the violent political conflict has ended. A conceptual framework mapping the dynamics of violent intra-state conflict that can give rise to such a culture of violence is presented. The framework identifies factors at the international, state, collective and individual levels that can cause and sustain a culture of violence in post-accord societies. Examples from members of the Commonwealth who have recently experienced violent internal conflict are used to illustrate the framework.