The jam session between muscle stem cells and the extracellular matrix in the tissue microenvironment.
The jam session between muscle stem cells and the extracellular matrix in the tissue microenvironment.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41536-022-00204-z
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发表时间：
2022-02-17
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Sacco A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Loreti M;Sacco A
骨骼肌需要多种细胞类型及其微环境之间的高度协调，以发挥其功能并维持其稳态和再生能力。在过去的几十年里，包括谱系追踪和单细胞RNA测序在内的重大进展有助于识别参与肌肉维持和修复的多种肌肉驻留细胞群。在这些群体中，肌肉干细胞（MuSC），也被称为卫星细胞，在应激或损伤的反应中，能够增殖、融合并形成新的肌纤维来修复受损的组织。这些细胞位于肌纤维附近，周围是一个特殊而复杂的微环境，干细胞生态位。生态位的主要成分是细胞外基质（ECM）蛋白，能够指导MuSC的行为。然而，在衰老和肌肉相关疾病期间，肌肉逐渐失去其再生能力，部分原因是ECM成分的失调。本文综述了MuSC微环境的组成及其重要性。我们讨论了相关的ECM蛋白及其突变或失调如何影响年轻和老年肌肉组织或促进疾病。最近的发现提高了我们对骨骼肌ECM组成的认识，这有助于模仿干细胞生态位的结构并提高MuSC的再生能力。进一步了解来自控制MuSC功能的微环境的外在信号和创新技术仍然需要开发新的治疗方法来改善肌肉修复。
Skeletal muscle requires a highly orchestrated coordination between multiple cell types and their microenvironment to exert its function and to maintain its homeostasis and regenerative capacity. Over the past decades, significant advances, including lineage tracing and single-cell RNA sequencing, have contributed to identifying multiple muscle resident cell populations participating in muscle maintenance and repair. Among these populations, muscle stem cells (MuSC), also known as satellite cells, in response to stress or injury, are able to proliferate, fuse, and form new myofibers to repair the damaged tissue. These cells reside adjacent to the myofiber and are surrounded by a specific and complex microenvironment, the stem cell niche. Major components of the niche are extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, able to instruct MuSC behavior. However, during aging and muscle-associated diseases, muscle progressively loses its regenerative ability, in part due to a dysregulation of ECM components. This review provides an overview of the composition and importance of the MuSC microenvironment. We discuss relevant ECM proteins and how their mutations or dysregulation impact young and aged muscle tissue or contribute to diseases. Recent discoveries have improved our knowledge about the ECM composition of skeletal muscle, which has helped to mimic the architecture of the stem cell niche and improved the regenerative capacity of MuSC. Further understanding about extrinsic signals from the microenvironment controlling MuSC function and innovative technologies are still required to develop new therapies to improve muscle repair.
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