Quantifying the attractiveness of garden flowers for pollinators
Quantifying the attractiveness of garden flowers for pollinators
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DOI：
10.1007/s10841-019-00177-3
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发表时间：
2019-12-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Goulson, Dave
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Rollings, Rosi;Goulson, Dave
人们对在城市地区种植植物以造福传粉昆虫有着极大的兴趣，城市地区和花园有可能成为一个广泛的传粉昆虫友好型栖息地网络。然而，有很多不同的植物品种可供园丁，并缺乏证据为基础的建议，哪些植物是真正最有吸引力的访花昆虫。在这里，我们报告昆虫访问111个不同的观赏植物品种在英国中部的一个网站平方米的地块。数据收集超过5年，包括超过9000昆虫观察，这是确定的物种（蜜蜂和熊蜂）或作为“孤独的蜜蜂”，食蚜蝇科，鳞翅目和“其他”。与以前的一些研究不同，我们发现被本地或非本地物种吸引的昆虫数量没有差异，或者根据植物是一年生植物，两年生植物还是多年生植物，但我们确实发现本地植物吸引了更高多样性的访花昆虫。总体而言，访问量最大的植物是Calamintha nepeta，Helenium autumnale和Geraminrozanne。然而，模式的访问是完全不同的每一种昆虫类群检查。例如，不同种类的短舌熊蜂在它们最喜欢的植物品种上几乎没有重叠。有趣的是，非常相似的植物品种往往会吸引不同的昆虫群落;例如，72%的游客到紫菀诺维beltanus是蜜蜂或大黄蜂，而相关的Anthemis tinctoria，也有雏菊般的花朵，没有吸引一个单一的蜜蜂或大黄蜂，但受欢迎的孤独的蜜蜂，hoverflies，和“其他”传粉者。一些植物品种，如Eryngium planum和Myosotis arvensis对广泛的昆虫有吸引力，而另一些植物品种只吸引少数几种昆虫，但有时数量很大，如Veronicastrum virginicum和Helenium autumnale，这两种植物都主要由蜜蜂访问。很明显，我们还没有完全理解是什么因素驱动了昆虫对花朵的偏好。建议哪些花卉品种可以结合起来，提供饲料的多样性授粉群体在早春至秋季的季节，虽然它必须牢记，一些植物可能会表现不同，在不同的环境条件下生长。
There is great interest in planting urban areas to benefit pollinating insects, with the potential that urban areas and gardens could act as an extensive network of pollinator-friendly habitats. However, there are a great many different plant cultivars available to the gardener, and a paucity of evidence-based advice as to which plants are truly most attractive to flower-visiting insects. Here, we report insect visitation to metre square plots of 111 different ornamental plant cultivars at a site in central UK. Data were collected over 5 years, and comprise over 9000 insect observations, which were identified to species (for honeybees and bumblebees) or as 'solitary bees', Syrphidae, Lepidoptera and 'others'. Unlike some previous studies, we found no difference in numbers of insects attracted to native or non-native species, or according to whether plants were annuals, biennials or perennials, but we did find that native plants attracted a significantly higher diversity of flower-visiting insects. Overall, the most-visited plants were Calamintha nepeta, Helenium autumnale and Geranium rozanne. However, patterns of visitation were quite different for every insect taxa examined. For example, different species of short-tongued bumblebees showed little overlap in their most-preferred plant cultivars. Interestingly, very similar plant cultivars often attracted different insect communities; for example, 72% of visitors to Aster novi belgii were honeybees or bumblebees, while the related Anthemis tinctoria, which also has daisy-like flowers, did not attract a single honeybee or bumblebee but was popular with solitary bees, hoverflies, and 'other' pollinators. Some plant cultivars such as Eryngium planum and Myosotis arvensis were attractive to a broad range of insects, while others attracted only a few species but sometimes in large numbers, such as Veronicastrum virginicum and Helenium autumnale which were both visited predominantly by honey bees. It is clear that we do not yet fully understand what factors drive insect flower preferences. Recommendations are made as to which flower cultivars could be combined to provide forage for a diversity of pollinator groups over the season from early spring to autumn, though it must be born in mind that some plants are likely to perform differently when grown in different environmental conditions.