Ice Nucleating Particles Carried From Below a Phytoplankton Bloom to the Arctic Atmosphere
Ice Nucleating Particles Carried From Below a Phytoplankton Bloom to the Arctic Atmosphere
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DOI：
10.1029/2019gl083039
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发表时间：
2019-07-28
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
DeMott, P. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Creamean, J. M.;Cross, J. N.;DeMott, P. J.
由于北极气温上升的速度是全球的两倍，海冰的减少速度比模型预测的要快。人们对决定北极云形成和对大气能量收支影响的过程知之甚少，但对评估快速变化的北极至关重要。同时，较高的温度为微生物的生产提供了有利条件，这些微生物可以有效地充当冰核粒子(INP)。然而，由于观测有限，海洋生物衍生的INP的来源在很大程度上仍然未知。在这里，我们第一次展示了生物衍生的INP可能是如何从白令海峡深层水域输送到数百公里外的北冰洋表面并上升到空中的，这一过程取决于夏季浮游植物的大量繁殖、细菌呼吸、海洋动力学和风力驱动的混合。鉴于海洋生产力的预期增强，海洋和大气综合输送机制可能在从水华向北极大气提供INP方面发挥关键作用。
As Arctic temperatures rise at twice the global rate, sea ice is diminishing more quickly than models can predict. Processes that dictate Arctic cloud formation and impacts on the atmospheric energy budget are poorly understood, yet crucial for evaluating the rapidly changing Arctic. In parallel, warmer temperatures afford conditions favorable for productivity of microorganisms that can effectively serve as ice nucleating particles (INPs). Yet the sources of marine biologically derived INPs remain largely unknown due to limited observations. Here we show, for the first time, how biologically derived INPs were likely transported hundreds of kilometers from deep Bering Strait waters and upwelled to the Arctic Ocean surface to become airborne, a process dependent upon a summertime phytoplankton bloom, bacterial respiration, ocean dynamics, and wind-driven mixing. Given projected enhancement in marine productivity, combined oceanic and atmospheric transport mechanisms may play a crucial role in provision of INPs from blooms to the Arctic atmosphere.