Formation, Development, and Propagation of a Rare Coastal Coccolithophore Bloom
Formation, Development, and Propagation of a Rare Coastal Coccolithophore Bloom
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DOI：
10.1029/2019jc015072
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发表时间：
2019-05-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Iglesias-Rodriguez, M. Debora
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Matson, Paul G.;Washburn, Libe;Iglesias-Rodriguez, M. Debora
这项研究探讨了2014-2015年东北太平洋温暖异常期间加州海岸沿着前所未有的Emiliania huxleyi水华。从显微镜和流式细胞术，表面电流数据来自高频雷达，卫星海洋颜色图像的coccolithophore人口的观察被用来跟踪人口动态的盛开在圣巴巴拉通道。结果表明，沿海水华主要是E。huxleyi的细胞浓度达到每升5.7 × 10（6）个细胞，最大空间范围为1，220 km（2）。我们推测，罕见的同现的温水，高水柱稳定性，和广泛的前硅藻水华异常期间促成了这次水华的发展。流式细胞术测量提供了对水华发展阶段的了解（例如，生长与衰老），钙化细胞包含高达64%的含有叶绿素a的颗粒，并且分离的颗石：细胞比率范围为10至>100。拉格朗日粒子轨迹估计在两个不重叠的48小时和72小时期间显示的表面结构的变化，由于平流的表面电流和非保守的生物和物理过程的水华。颗粒无机碳的时间变化率估计沿着粒子轨迹，从-4到6 molL（-1）天（-1）的速率。这里提出的方法很可能是有用的理解沿海浮游植物水华事件的演变在一般setting.Plain语言摘要这项研究探讨了前所未有的水华的球石藻Emiliania huxleyi，一种单细胞藻类，被碳酸钙板，沿着加州海岸期间，在一段时间内，异常温暖的水在2014-2015年。我们使用显微镜和流式细胞仪，表面电流数据，以及卫星海洋颜色图像来跟踪圣巴巴拉海峡的水华如何随时间变化。结果表明，沿海水华主要是E。huxleyi的细胞浓度达到每升5.7 × 10（6）个细胞，覆盖范围达1，220 km（2）。我们推测，罕见的环境条件，包括温暖的水，高水柱稳定性，并广泛的前硅藻水华异常期间，促成了这种水华的发展。流式细胞术测量提供了对水华发展阶段的了解（例如，生长与衰老）和每小时的表面电流数据，以模拟电流如何在水华期间移动颗石藻。此外，我们将这些数据与卫星图像相结合，以估计这种水华中碳酸钙的量如何随时间变化。这里提出的方法可能是有用的了解浮游植物水华的上升和下降沿着海岸。
This study examines an unprecedented bloom of Emiliania huxleyi along the California coast during the NE Pacific warm anomaly of 2014-2015. Observations of coccolithophore populations from microscopy and flow cytometry, surface current data derived from high-frequency radar, and satellite ocean color imagery were used to track the population dynamics of the bloom in the Santa Barbara Channel. Results show a coastal bloom of mostly E. huxleyi that reached cell concentrations up to 5.7 x 10(6) cells per liter and a maximum spatial extent of 1,220 km(2). We speculate that the rare cooccurrence of warm water, high water column stability, and an extensive preceding diatom bloom during the anomaly contributed to the development of this bloom. Flow cytometry measurements provided insight on the phases of bloom development (e.g., growth versus senescence) with calcified cells comprising up to 64% of particles containing chlorophyll a and detached-coccolith:cell ratios ranging from 10 to >100. Lagrangian particle trajectories estimated during two nonoverlapping 48- and 72-hr periods showed the changes in the surface structure of the bloom due to advection by surface currents and nonconservative biological and physical processes. Time rates of change of particulate inorganic carbon were estimated along particle trajectories, with rates ranging from -4 to 6 molL(-1)day(-1). The approach presented here is likely to be useful for understanding the evolution of coastal phytoplankton bloom events in a general setting.Plain Language Summary This study examines an unprecedented bloom of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi, a single-celled algae that is covered by calcium carbonate plates, along the California coast during a period of unusually warm water during 2014-2015. We used microscopy and flow cytometry, surface current data, and satellite ocean color imagery to track how the bloom changed through time in the Santa Barbara Channel. Results show a coastal bloom of mostly E. huxleyi that reached cell concentrations up to 5.7 x 10(6) cells per liter and covered up to 1,220 km(2). We speculate that the rare cooccurrence of environmental conditions, including warm water, high water column stability, and an extensive preceding diatom bloom during the anomaly, contributed to the development of this bloom. Flow cytometry measurements provided insight on the phases of bloom development (e.g., growth versus senescence) and hourly surface current data to simulate how currents may have moved the coccolithophores during the course of the bloom. In addition, we combined this data with satellite imagery to estimate how the amount of calcium carbonate in this bloom changed through time. The approach presented here is likely to be useful for understanding the rise and fall of phytoplankton blooms along the coast.